Blanche Bruce

Infobox_Senator
name=Blanche Kelso Bruce

---

jr/sr=United States Senator
state=Mississippi
party=Republican
term_start=March 4, 1875
term_end=March 3, 1881
preceded=Henry R. Pease
succeeded=James Z. George
date of birth=birth date|1841|3|1|mf=y
place of birth=Farmville, Virginia, U.S.
date of death=death date and age|1898|3|17|1841|3|1|mf=y
place of death=Washington, D.C., U.S.
spouse=Josephine Willson Bruce
profession=Politician, Teacher, Farmer
religion=
footnotes=

Blanche Kelso Bruce (March 1, 1841 – March 17, 1898) was an American politician. Bruce represented Mississippi as a U.S. Senator from 1875 to 1881 and was the first Black American to serve a full term in the U.S. Senate. Hiram R. Revels, also of Mississippi, was the first to ever serve in the U.S. Congress, but did not serve a full term.

Biography

Bruce was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia near Farmville to Pettis Perkinson, a white Virginia plantation owner, and an African American house slave named Polly Bruce. He was treated comparatively well by his father, who educated him together with his legitimate half-brother. When Blanche Bruce was young, he played with his half-brother. As Blanche Bruce was born enslaved, because of his mother's status, his father legally freed him and arranged for an apprenticeship so he could learn a trade.cite news | first=Andrew |last=Glass |work=The Politico |title=Freed slave presides over Senate: Feb. 14, 1879 |date=February 14, 2008 |url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0208/8508.html ]

In 1850, Bruce moved to Missouri after becoming a printer's apprentice. After the Union Army rejected his application to fight in the Civil War, Bruce taught school and attended Oberlin College in Ohio for two years. Then he went to work as a steamboat porter on the Mississippi River. In 1864, he moved to Hannibal, Missouri, where he established a school for blacks.

During Reconstruction, Bruce became a wealthy landowner in the Mississippi Delta. He was appointed to the positions of Tallahatchie County registrar of voters and tax assessor before winning an election for sheriff in Bolivar County. He later was elected to other county positions, including tax collector and supervisor of education, while he also edited a local newspaper. In February 1874, Bruce was elected by the state legislature to the Senate as a Republican. On February 14, 1879, Bruce presided over the U.S. Senate becoming the only former slave to do so. In 1880, James Z. George was elected to succeed Bruce.

At the 1880 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Bruce became the first African-American to win any votes at a major party's nominating convention, winning 8 votes for vice president. In 1881, Bruce was appointed by President James A. Garfield to be the Register of the Treasury, making Bruce the first black person whose signature was represented on U.S. paper currency. [cite book |last=Turkel |first=Stanley |title=Heroes of the American Reconstruction: Profiles of Sixteen Educators, Politicians and Activists |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cPzVqTea6JgC&printsec=frontcover#PPA7-IA5,M1 |year=2005 |publisher=McFarland & Company |location=Jefferson, NC |isbn=0-786-41943-1 |page=p. 6 |quote=Senator Bruce was also the first black man to preside over the Senate and the first whose signature appeared on all the nation's paper currency (as Register of the Treasury starting on May 18, 1881)] Bruce served as the District of Columbia recorder of deeds in 1891–93, and again as register of the treasury until his death in 1898.

ee also

*List of African-American firsts

References

External links

* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6126453 Blanche K. Bruce] at Find A Grave
* [http://joe_kelso.tripod.com/lettersandhistories/bioblanchekelsobruce.htm Biography and Joe Kelso.Tripod]
* [http://www.opinionjournal.com/la/?id=110008641 Review of "The Senator and the Socialite"]