Battle of Griswoldville

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Griswoldville
partof=the American Civil War


caption=
date= November 22, 1864
place= Griswoldville, Georgia
casus=
territory=
result= Union victory
combatant1= flagicon|USA|1863 United States (Union)
combatant2= flagicon|CSA|1863 CSA (Confederacy)
commander1= Charles C. Walcutt
commander2= Joseph Wheeler
Charles R. Woords
Pleasant J. Philips
strength1= 1,500
strength2= 4,500
casualties1= 13 dead, 79 wounded, 2 captured
casualties2= 51 dead, 422 wounded, 600 captured
notes=The Battle of Griswoldville was the first battle of Sherman's March to the Sea, fought November 22 1864, during the American Civil War. A Union Army brigade under Brig. Gen. Charles C. Walcutt defeated the small Confederate infantry division under Brig. Gen. Charles R. Woods, at Griswoldville, near Macon, Georgia, and continued its march toward Savannah.

Background

Sherman, victorious in the lengthy Atlanta Campaign, had refitted his army and recently departed from Atlanta on a march designed to reach the Atlantic Coast at Savannah. The right wing of Sherman's force was the Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major General Oliver O. Howard. It encountered the first resistance to its march in Griswoldville. Walcutt was ordered to make a demonstration with his brigade (2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XV Corps) of six infantry regiments and one artillery battery (Battery B, 1st Michigan), toward Macon to ascertain the disposition of enemy troops in that direction. Union cavalry under Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick had struck Griswoldville on November 21, capturing a train of 13 cars loaded with military supplies, and burning the station and some factory buildings.

Battle

Early on November 22, a detachment of Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler attacked the 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry on the Gordon Road, killing one man, wounding two, and capturing eighteen. The 9th charged the Confederates and drove them back nearly a mile across a creek, where the enemy was found in force, posted in order of battle. The Confederates advanced and drove in the Union skirmishers, but the 9th Pennsylvania and 5th Kentucky Cavalry made a saber charge that forced the Confederates to retire to their works. At this point, Walcutt's infantry brigade and artillery battery joined the cavalry.

Walcutt threw out a strong skirmish line that drove the Confederates back through Griswoldville, after which, by orders of division commander Brig. Gen. Charles R. Woods, he fell back to the Duncan farm and took up a position on the edge of the woods, with an open field in his front and his flanks protected by a swamp. Here he threw up a barricade of rails and logs and about 2 p.m. was attacked by Wheeler's cavalry corps, supported by three brigades of Georgia militia under the command of Brig. Gen. Pleasant J. Philips. A battery of artillery was also brought up.

The Confederate militia advanced in three compact lines, but were met by a shower of canister. They succeeded, however, in reaching a ravine about 75 yards from Walcutt's works, where they reformed their lines and from which they made three desperate charges on the Federal position, all repulsed with heavy losses. The Confederates then tried to turn the Federal flanks, but finding these well protected by cavalry, retired to the ravine, remained there until dark, and then withdrew from the field. General Walcutt was wounded early in the engagement, and brigade command fell to Col. R. F. Catterson of the 97th Indiana Infantry.

Aftermath

The Union losses were 13 killed, 79 wounded, and 2 missing. Confederate losses are estimated at 51 dead, 422 wounded and 600 captured. General Sherman's march to the sea continued.

References

* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga025.htm National Park Service battle description]
* Eicher, David J., "The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War", Simon & Schuster, 2001, ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
* "The Union Army; A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65 — Records of the Regiments in the Union Army — Cyclopedia of Battles — Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers", Federal Publishing Company (Madison, Wisconsin), 1908 (reprinted by Broadfoot Publishing, 1997).

External links