Susitna River

Infobox_River
river_name = Susitna River


image_size =
caption = Susitna River in Southcentral Alaska
origin = coord|63|26|10|N|147|11|55|W|region:US-AK_type:river_source:GNISGnis|1416406|Susitna River] Susitna Glacier on Mount Hayes
mouth = coord|61|16|14|N|150|34|33|W|region:US-AK_type:river_source:GNIS|display=inline,title Cook Inlet of Pacific Ocean
basin_countries = United States of America
length = convert|313|mi|km
elevation = Unit ft|2500|0
mouth_elevation = Unit ft|0|0
discharge = convert|51000|cuft|m3 per second at mouthcite web
title = Largest Rivers in the United States
publisher = United States Geological Survey
url = http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/pdf/ofr87242.pdf
format = PDF
cite web
title = Largest Rivers in the United States
publisher = United States Geological Survey
url = http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/
format = HTML]
watershed = convert|20000|sqmi|km2

The Susitna River (pronEng|suːˈsɪtnə) is a convert|313|mi|km long river in the southcentral region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is the 15th largest river in the United States of America, ranked by average discharge volume at its mouth. The river stretches from the Susitna Glacier to Cook Inlet.

History

Tanaina Indian name meaning "sandy river" published by the Russian Hydrog. Dept. as "R(eka) Sushitna," meaning "Sushitna River", on Chart 1378 dated 1847. The Susitna River appears to have been first explored in 1834, by a "Creole named Malakov", and the name may have been obtained by the Russians at that time (Dall, 1870, p.12,273). The present spelling of the name has evolved due to euphemistic reasons.

Description

The Susitna River heads at Susitna Glacier, in Alaska Range, flows southwest to Cook Inlet, convert|24|mi|km west of Anchorage, Alaska Cook Inlet Low.

There are several rivers flowing into the Susitna River including East Fork "Susitna River" and West Fork "Susitna River". The Little Susitna River is a separate river system which flows into the Cook Inlet on the other side of Susitna Flats.

The Susitna along with the Matanuska River, drains the broad Matanuska-Susitna Valley south of the Alaska Range. cite web
title = 15292000 Susitna River at Gold Creek
publisher = United States Geological Survey
url = http://ak.water.usgs.gov/Publications/water-data/WY96/15292000.htm]

It rises in the Susitna Glacier on Mount Hayes in the Alaska Range near coord|63|30|N|147|15|W|region:US-AK_type:river_source:GNIS. It flows in winding course generally southwest to Curry, then south, along the west side of the Talkeetna Mountains, past Talkeetna, Chulitna River, and Susitna, and drains into Cook Inlet approximately 25 mi (40 km) west of Anchorage.

It receives the Yentna River from the northwest approximately 5 mi (8 km) north of Susitna. It is navigable to 85 mi (137 km) upstream from its mouth to Talkeetna.

The Susitna River is one of Southcentral Alaska's premier sport fishing streams, with significant runs of Chinook and Coho salmon, along with resident grayling, burbot, and rainbow trout. Located within a roadless area, access to the river is difficult and is made usually by power boat or by floatplane.

Matanuska-Susitna Borough owns much of the land along the Susitna and Deshka Rivers. The impacts of summer recreational use and tourists have caused loss of riparian vegetation and bank erosion along the Deshka River's lower reaches, which has been partially remedied through a restoration project in the summer of 2002. However, the borough currently lacks either regulations to prevent further damage or the means to enforce such regulations.

Etymology

Susitna River was named by the Dena’ina Alaska Native people meaning "sandy river". The Susitna appears to have been first explored in 1834 by a Creole Indian named Malakor. The 1890 census reported that Susitna Village on the east bank of the river had 146 Kenai Natives and 27 houses.

Location

(1329) Susitna River is on the North side of Cook Inlet convert|22|mi|km North-East of North Foreland.
Mount Susitna,a prominent landmark along the upper part of the inlet,is about convert|6|mi|km West of the Susitna River at a point convert|13|mi|km above the mouth. cite web
title = Coast Pilot (R) Volume 9, Chapter 4, Pages: 124,224 - Susitna River nautical chart narrative
publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
url = http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/nsd/Cp9/CP9-25ed-Ch04_9.pdf
format = PDF]

(1330) The channels across the flats at the mouth of Susitna River have depths of Unit ft|2|1 or less at low water and change during the winter and spring because of ice and freshet action.The channels above the mouth are said to change frequently in the spring and early summer.

(1331) Launches navigate Susitna River to Yentna River,about convert|20|mi|km above Cook Inlet,thence run occasionally up the Yentna River to the forks about convert|65|mi|km from the Susitna River.The tides are not felt more than convert|7|mi|km from the inlet,and above this the current is swift.Overhead power cables with a least clearance of Unit ft|37|0 cross the Susitna River about convert|5|mi|km above its mouth.

(1332) Alexander, Alaska is a small settlement on the west side of Susitna River convert|10|mi|km above the mouth.
Susitna, Alaska is on the East side convert|18|mi|km above the mouth and just below the mouth of the Yentna River;
launches run to and from Anchorage, Alaska.Mail is delivered to both settlements twice monthly by airplane from Anchorage, Alaska.

(1333) Susitna Flats lies between big Susitna River and Little Susitna River and to the East of the latter.

Susitna Flats Light coord|61|15|10|N|150|29|17|W|region:US-AK_type:landmark_source:GNIS,Unit ft|19|1 above the water,is shown from a skeleton tower and is equipped with a racon.

(1334) Little Susitna River, convert|9|mi|km West of Point MacKenzie,is said to be navigable for landing craft and skiffs at high water for about convert|8|mi|km.

(1335) Caution:the depths offshore and in the approach to Little Susitna River are subject to drastic and continual change.

Ice

Between approximately October 19th and November 14th the Susitna River ices or freezes over for the winter. cite web
title = Technical Report on Cook Inlet Marine Ice - including the big Susitna River]
publisher = U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
url = http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/techpub/CRREL_Reports/reports/TR-01-10/text.pdf
format = PDF] Between April 12th. and May 10th the ice breaks-up for the summer.

Tributaries

*East Fork Susitna River
*West Fork Susitna River
*Yentna River
*Deshka River
*Talkeetna River
*Chulitna River
*Oshetna River
*Tyone River
*Maclaren River

References

ee also

*List of Alaska rivers

External links

*National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration:*cite web
title = Cook Inlet - Northern part 1:194,154 nautical chart 16660
publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
url = http://www.charts.noaa.gov/OnLineViewer/16660.shtml:*cite web
title = Cook Inlet-Approaches to Anchorage, Alaska; 1:50,000 nautical chart 16665
publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
url = http://www.charts.noaa.gov/OnLineViewer/16665.shtml:*cite web
title = Cook Inlet-East Foreland to Anchorage, Alaska; North Foreland 1:100,000 nautical chart 16663
publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
url = http://www.charts.noaa.gov/OnLineViewer/16663.shtml

*cite web
title = Matanuska-Susitna, Wasilla & Palmer Area History
publisher = Agate Inn
url = http://www.agateinn.com/area.htm