1643

Year 1643 (MDCXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1643

January - June

* January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers the island of Tonga.
* February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands.
* March 13 - First English Civil War - First Battle of Middlewich: The Roundheads rout the Cavaliers at Middlewich in Cheshire, England.
* May 14 - Louis XIV (of France) succeeds Louis XIII.
* May 19 - Battle of Rocroi: The French defeat the Spanish at Rocroi, France.
* June 30 - First English Civil War - Battle of Adwalton Moor: Cavaliers (supporters of Charles I) gain control of Yorkshire.

July - December

* July 5 - First English Civil War - Battle of Lansdowne: Royalists and Parliamentarians battle to a draw.
* July 13 - First English Civil War - Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
* September 20 - First English Civil War - First Battle of Newbury: Royalists withdraw to end further bloodshed.
* October 28 - The Dutch corsairs end their occupation of Valdivia in what is now Chile.
* November 14 - Empress Meishō abdicates and Emperor Go-Kōmyō accedes to the throne of Japan.
* November 24 - Battle of Tuttlingen: France is defeated by forces of the Holy Roman Empire.

Undated

* An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn is inaugurated as the last king of Connacht.
* Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer.
* The New England Confederation is formed.
* Baden-Baden is pillaged by the French.
* Jean Bolland publishes the first two volumes of the "Acta Sanctorum" (in Antwerp). This is the beginning of the Bollandists' work.
* Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve places the first cross atop Mount Royal.
* Åmål is granted its city charter.
* Miyamoto Musashi dictates "The Book of Five Rings" ("Go Rin No Sho") to his student, completing it in 1654 just before his death.
* Claudio Monteverdi's opera "l'Incoronazione di Poppea" is first performed.
* Hong Taiji, Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of the Manchu dies and is succeeded by his 5-year-old son, the later Shunzhi Emperor of China.
* Roger Williams, a co-founder of Rhode Island, publishes "A Key into the Language of America".

Ongoing events

* English Civil War (1642-1649)
* Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)

Births

* January 4 (N.S.) - Sir Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist (d. 1727)
* February 16 - John Sharp, English Archbishop of Yorkshire (d. 1714)
* February 25 - Ahmed II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1695)
* March 25 - Louis Moréri, French encylopedist (d. 1680)
* April 3 - Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, general of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1690)
* May 7 - Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native Mayor of New York (d. 1700)
* August 12 - King Afonso VI of Portugal (d. 1683)
* September 18 - Gilbert Burnet, Scottish Bishop of Salisbury (d. 1715)
* September 27 - Solomon Stoddard, American minister (d. 1729)
* October 14 - Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1712)
* November 1 - John Strype, English historian and biographer (d. 1737)
* November 22 - René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687)

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Deaths

* February 25 - Marco da Gagliano, Italian composer (b. 1582)
* March 1 - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
* April 4 - Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (b. 1583)
* April 20 - Christoph Demantius, German composer (b. 1567)
* May 14 - King Louis XIII of France (b. 1601)
* July 25 - Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English statesman (b. 1584)
* August 20 - Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (b. 1591)
* September 15 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (b. 1566)
* September 20, at the Battle of Newbury:
**Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English politician and writer
**Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon
**Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland
* September 21 - Emperor Hong Taiji of China (b. 1592)
* November 3 - John Bainbridge, English astronomer (b. 1583)
* November 3 - Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (b. 1577)
* November 16 - Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant, Marshal of France (b. 1602)
* November 29
**William Cartwright, English dramatist (b. 1611)
**Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (b. 1567)
* December 8 - John Pym, English statesman (b. 1583)
* December 11 - Herman Wrangel, Swedish soldier and politician
* December 30 - Giovanni Baglione, Italian painter and historian of art (b. 1566)

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