# Successor ordinal

Successor ordinal

When defining the ordinal numbers, an absolutely fundamental operation that we can perform on them is a successor operation "S" to get the next higher one. Using von Neumann's ordinal numbers (the standard ordinals used in set theory), we have, for any ordinal number,

:$S\left(alpha\right) = alpha cup \left\{alpha\right\}.$

Since the ordering on the ordinal numbers α < β if and only if , it is immediate that there is no ordinal number between α and "S"(α) and it is also clear that α < "S"(α). An ordinal number which is "S"(β) for some ordinal β, or equivalently, an ordinal with a maximum element, is called a successor ordinal. Ordinals which are neither zero nor successors are called limit ordinals. We can use this operation to define ordinal addition rigorously via transfinite recursion as follows:

:$alpha + 0 = alpha!$:

and for a limit ordinal λ

:

In particular, "S"(α) = α + 1. Multiplication and exponentiation are defined similarly.

The successor points and zero are the isolated points of the class of ordinal numbers, with respect to the order topology.

ee also

*ordinal arithmetic
*limit ordinal
*successor cardinal

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