Uelsen

Infobox Ort in Deutschland
Wappen = Wappen Uelsen.pnglat_deg = 52 |lat_min = 30
lon_deg = 6 |lon_min = 52
Lageplan =
Bundesland = Niedersachsen
Landkreis = Grafschaft Bentheim
Samtgemeinde = Uelsen
Höhe = 45
Fläche = 19.46
Einwohner = 5292
Stand = 2006-12-31
PLZ = 49843
Vorwahl = 0 59 42
Kfz = NOH
Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 4 56 023
Gliederung = 5 Ortsteile
Straße = Itterbecker Straße 11
Website = [http://www.uelsen.de/ www.uelsen.de]
Bürgermeister = Bernd Wever
Partei = SPD

Uelsen is a community in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim in Lower Saxony.

Geography

The community of Uelsen lies in westernmost Lower Saxony, on the border with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, roughly 30 km north of Enschede and 15 km northwest of Nordhorn..

History

About 690, the groundwork for the great parish of Uelsen was laid, probably by the missionary Willibrord.

In 1131, Uelsen was first mentioned in a document by the Bishop of Utrecht. At that time, Uelsen belonged to Twente (now in the Netherlands), which then belonged to the German Empire, as did Utrecht.

About 1300, the castle of the Count ten Tooren or von Thurn stood in Uelsen, whose remains were used in the mid-19th century as a synagogue.

In 1312, ownership of Uelsen passed to the Count of Bentheim.

From the introduction of the Lutheran creed in Uelsen in 1544, and until 1597, the Reformation was taking place.

In 1546, under Emperor Charles V, border crossings were sealed and Uelsen was cut off from the Netherlands.

In 1580, there was heavy fighting in the Uelsen woods in the Dutch Revolt between the Spanish and the Dutch.

In 1588, the Reformed creed was introduced.

Between 1618 and 1648 came the Thirty Years' War. Even Uelsen was not spared the war’s fury. The County of Bentheim (Grafschaft Bentheim) was supposedly neutral ground. Nevertheless, the people suffered great hardships. Münster, Lüneburg, Hessian and Swedish troops all moved into billets in the community and extorted board and the people’s last belongings.

In 1636, as a result of the war, and also the widespread hunger, the plague broke out.

In 1650, the town hall was built.

In 1655, Bernhard von Galen, Bishop of Münster, waged war against Holland. Once more, the County had fighting troops marching through it. In 1666, Bernhard von Galen concluded the Peace of Nordhorn. In 1672, however, the Bishop of Münster once again attacked the Netherlands after only six years’ peace.

In 1688, Count Ernst Wilhelm converted to the Catholic faith. The Reformed clergy he then also had replaced by Catholic clergy. The County pastors turned to the Netherlands, Dutch became the church’s language, and until the late 19th century, it was also used in schools. Church hymns were still partly being sung in Dutch as late as 1933.

Between 1756 and 1763, the Seven Years' War raged.

In the 19th century, the population figures fell from 1200 to 806 as working-class families moved to Nordhorn or Schüttorf to find work in the textile industry. Some families also moved to the Netherlands or America.

In 1921, an electric company was founded. Between 1929 and 1931, a water supply system was built.

Between 1933 and 1945, Uelsen and its outlying centres were NSDAP strongholds.

In 1974, Uelsen became the seat of the Joint Community ("Samtgemeinde") of Uelsen, to which also belong the communities of Getelo, Gölenkamp, Halle, Itterbeck, Wielen and Wilsum.

In 2006, Uelsen marked its 875 years of existence with a festival week.

Uelsen belonged until 31 December 2004 to the "Regierungsbezirk" of Weser-Ems, which was abolished with effect from this date after administrative reform.

The state-recognized health resort of Uelsen is the Joint Community’s middle point and at the same time its seat.

Partner town

Uelsen’s partner town is Tubbergen in the Netherlands.

Events

* Saisonauftakt (seasonal prelude): Saturday before Whitsun
* Volks- und Schützenfest (folk and shooting festival): 2nd weekend in July
* Herbstmarkt (Herbstkirmes; autumn market): 3rd weekend in October
* Weihnachtsmarkt (Christmas market): Saturday before 2nd day in Advent

Further reading

* Herbert Wagner: Die Gestapo war nicht allein... Politische Sozialkontrolle und Staatsterror im deutsch-niederländischen Grenzgebiet 1929 - 1945. LIT Verlag. Münster 2004 (contains among other things Uelsen in National Socialist times, persecution of the church, Oostergetelo).

External links

* [http://www.uelsen.de/ Joint Community’s webpage]
* [http://www.Uelsen-und-Umgebung.de/ Unofficial webpage about Uelsen and environs]