Penistone

infobox UK place
map_type = South Yorkshire
country = England
latitude = 53.525
longitude = -1.629
scale = 25000
official_name = Penistone
os_grid_reference = SE245033
population = 8,727 (2001)
metropolitan_borough = Barnsley
metropolitan_county = South Yorkshire
region = Yorkshire and the Humber
constituency_westminster = Barnsley West and Penistone
post_town = SHEFFIELD
postcode_district = S36
postcode_area = S
dial_code = 01226

:"For the Penistone breed of sheep, see Whitefaced Woodland"

Penistone (IPAEng|ˈpɛnɨstən, PEN-is-tun) is a small market town in the metropolitan borough of Barnsley, in South Yorkshire, England, with a population of 8,727 inhabitants (according to 2001 Census). It lies about eight miles west of the town of Barnsley and seventeen miles north east of Glossop, in the foothills of the Pennines.

History

Etymology

The meaning of Penistone is Old English "tun" "farm, village" with an uncertain first element, possibly Celtic "penn" = "head", "hill", similar to Penn in the West Midlands. Records of the name as "Penstun" (1143) and "Penstone" (n.d.) prove the second element is Old English "tūn" = "farm, village" (not Old English "stān" ="stone" as might be suggested).

The history of Penistone can be dated back to 1066 when it was known to be owned by Ailric. However, following the Norman Conquest it was razed to the ground in 1069 in what became known as the Harrying of the North; the Domesday Book described the settlement in 1089 as 'wasted'.

Sheep sales have been held in the town since before 1699, when the market received a Royal Charter, and the area produced the now rare Pensitone sheep. [http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/sheep/whitefacedwoodland/index.htm Oklahome State University website - page about Penistone sheep] accessed 21 May 2008]

Buildings

The town remained small until the coming of the railway in 1845, although several pre-19th Century buildings survive. The oldest still standing is 'Penistone Church'. This is the Grade I listed mediaeval parish church, Saint John the Baptist Church. The White Hart pub in the town dates from 1377. Penistone had had a market for a long time before its royal charter was granted in 1699, although its historic livestock market was closed recently to make way for town centre re-development.

Railway

Penistone was formerly a major railway junction, including a depot for engineering trains. Much of the former railway infrastructure has since been removed. The town's station is still open, but is now only served by Huddersfield-Sheffield trains on the "Penistone Line". Penistone station was once a well-used interchange with the reputation of being one of the coldest in the country.

The town was formerly served by the Woodhead Line which ran between Manchester (Piccadilly), Hadfield and Sheffield (Victoria) via the Woodhead Tunnel. Penistone station was served by express passenger trains on the line. Following major investment (started in 1935 but delayed by World War II), the electrification of the railway was completed in 1954; the line's power control centre was built adjacent to Penistone station. This building still stands, but has been converted to alternative commercial use.

The Woodhead Line through Penistone was the first main line railway in the UK to be electrified, but its once-pioneering 1500 V dc system was ultimately to become non-standard. Penistone station lost its Woodhead Line passenger trains on 5 January 1970, but freight trains (mainly coal trains) continued for a further eleven years. The line was finally (and controversially) closed in 1981 and the track lifted several years later. The route of the old track is now being used as part of the Trans-Pennine Trail.

There are now plans to hold the first UK trials of the tram-train on the Penistone Line beingin in 2010 for two years [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bradford/7303727.stm] .

Grammar School

Penistone grammar school was founded in 1392. Famous former pupils include mathematician Nicholas Saunderson- a close friend of Isaac Newton, and Anne Campbell, who served as MP for Cambridge until May 2005. And historian Adam Lawrenson, who re-evaluated the importance of the Roman toiletry system and hygiene during intercontinental campaigns.

Radio Station

Penistone has its own radio station. Formed in 2005 'Penistone FM' operated a trial broadcast in September 2006 and successfully applied for a full time licence. Penistone FM was renamed Penistone Community Radio but will be 'Penistone AM' when it starts broadcasting on the Medium Wave band in 2009, with its licence running for five years.

port

The local football team is known as Penistone Church F.C.

Today

The town's railway station serves the Penistone Line which runs between Huddersfield and Sheffield. The trackbed of the closed railway line from Sheffield to Manchester via Woodhead now forms the Trans-Pennine Trail. There are occasional suggestions of reopening the line, without success. The "Penistone Show" is an annual agricultural show which draws in crowds from across the county. It is held on the second Saturday in September. As well as ordinary agricultural categories for sheep, cows, goats, and chickens entries are received in horticulture, handicraft, show jumping, pigeons, dogs, photography and many more categories.

Penistone Farmers' Market is a monthly farmers' market on the second Saturday of every month. Local farmers and producers of foods and crafts bring local produce direct to the public. The market is open to all traders selling more than 50% of their own produce and based within a fifty mile radius of Penistone. The Farmers' Market is held in the market place.

On Yorkshire Day, 1 August 2006 , Penistone played host to the now annual gathering of Lord Mayors, Mayors and other civic heads from across Yorkshire. The day was marked with a service at St John's Church, a parade around the town and a meal for invited guests at Penistone Grammar School. Other events included free films and an evening of music at the Paramount Cinema, an exhibition at St John's Community Centre and Hartcliff Tower was open to the public again. There were Morris dancers, a farmers' market, a shop window competition and an historic organ concert at St. Andrew's Church. The day was taken seriously by its organisers and some of the roads on the procession route were resurfaced for the event.

upermarket and Town Centre Redevelopment

Penistone received a lot of media coverage in March 2007 following a decision on its long running supermarket issue. It was announced that Barnsley Council had agreed proposals submitted by Tesco to build a large supermarket in the heart of the town. This was despite widespread opposition, especially to its proposed location, from local residents. Construction has yet to begin and many in the town consider the fight far from over [http://www.penpictorial.co.uk/supermarket.htm] .

Fairtrade Town

On 26 February 2007 the Town was officially declared a Fairtrade Town. [http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/get_involved/campaigns/fairtrade_towns/towns_list.aspx]

Twin Towns

*flagicon|Iceland Grindavik, Iceland [cite web |url=http://www.twinning.org.uk/uk_twinnings.htm |title=UK Twin Towns |accessdate=2007-06-30 |publisher=Dorset Twinning Association ]

Places of interest

* Penistone Grammar School
* Hartcliff Folly
* Penistone Paramount Cinema
* Royd Moor Wind Farm
* Saint John the Baptist Church
* Penistone Cricket and Sports Club
* Penistone Church F.C.

References

External links

* [http://www.penistone-advertiser.co.uk/ Penistone Advertiser - local classified adverts]
* [http://www.visitpenistone.co.uk/ Visit Penistone]
* [http://www.penpictorial.co.uk/ A Pictorial Tour of Penistone]
* [http://www.midhopegala.co.uk Midhopestones Charity Gala 2008]