Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Infobox_University


name = The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
established = 1893
type = Private
dean = Edward D. Miller
city = Baltimore
state = Maryland
country = U.S.
students = 1,240 (482 MD and 758 PhD) cite web|url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/Hopkins_Pocket_Guide_2007.pdf|title=Hopkins Pocket Guide 2007]
faculty = 3,697 cite web|url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/Hopkins_Pocket_Guide_2007.pdf|title=Hopkins Pocket Guide 2007]
campus = Urban
website= http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org
endowment= US$ 1.9 Billion cite web
url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/05-06/statistics/financial_05.html|title=Financial Statement]
logo = The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, located in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S., is the academic medical teaching and research arm of Johns Hopkins University. The School of Medicine is widely regarded as one of the best medical schools and biomedical research institutes in the world. Located in East Baltimore, it is affiliated with Johns Hopkins Hospital, its major teaching hospital, as well as several other community sites, including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Sinai Hospital, Howard County General Hospital and Greater Baltimore Medical Center. Together they form an academic health science centre.

For years, Johns Hopkins has been the nation's top medical school in the amount of competitive research grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health. According to "U.S. News and World Report", Johns Hopkins and Harvard have consistently been the top two medical schools in the nation, rotating into the top spot periodically. [ [http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/grad/rankings/med/brief/mdrrank_brief.php "U.S. News and World Report" Rankings of Medical Schools in the United States] ] Its major teaching hospital, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, has been ranked as the best hospital in the United States every year since 1992 by "U.S. News and World Report".

The East Baltimore campus of Johns Hopkins University is home to the School of Medicine, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the School of Nursing. The campus comprises several city blocks, radiating outwards from the Billings building of the Johns Hopkins Hospital with its historic dome.

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine has served as the model for most American medical schools since its founding in 1893, [Ludmerer, Kenneth. [http://www.case.edu/artsci/wrss/documents/wrs2001-02ludmerer_002.pdf "The Development of American Medical Education from the Turn of the Century to the Era of Managed Care"] . Accessed July 8, 2007] and has been home to many "firsts"; it was the first medical school to require its students to have an undergraduate degree. It was also the first graduate-level medical school to admit women on an equal basis as men. Mary Elizabeth Garrett, head of the Women's Medical School Fund, was a driving force behind both of these 'firsts.' In addition, Sir William Osler, the first professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins and the physician-in-chief at Johns Hopkins Hospital was responsible for establishing the residency system of postgraduate medical training, where young physicians were required to "reside" within the hospital to better care for their patients.

History

Toward the end of the 19th century, American medical education was in chaos; most medical schools were little more than trade schools. Often, it was easier to gain admission to one of these than to a liberal arts college. With the opening of The Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889, followed four years later by The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins ushered in a new era marked by rigid entrance requirements for medical students, a vastly upgraded medical school curriculum with emphasis on the scientific method, the incorporation of bedside teaching and laboratory research as part of the instruction, and integration of the School of Medicine with the Hospital through joint appointments.

Hopkins medicine counts many "firsts" among its achievements during its early years: the first major medical school in the United States to admit women; the first to use rubber gloves during surgery; the first to develop renal dialysis and CPR.

Two of the most far-reaching advances in medicine during the last 25 years were made at Hopkins. The Nobel Prize-winning discovery of restriction enzymes gave birth to the genetic engineering industry and can be compared, some say, to the first splitting of an atom. Also, the discovery of the brain's natural opiates has triggered an explosion of interest in neurotransmitter pathways and functions. Other accomplishments include the identification of the three types of polio virus and the first "blue baby" operation, which opened the way to modern heart surgery. Hopkins also was the birthplace of many medical specialties, including neurosurgery, urology, endocrinology and pediatrics.

Singapore Campus

In 1998 Johns Hopkins Singapore (JHS) was established as its base of medical operations in South East Asia. JHS has a tripartite mission of research, education and patient care, integrating basic translational and clinical research components [http://www.imc.jhmi.edu/Sin/English/About/default.asp]

Curriculum

Year One

The focus this year is on normal human structure and function. The program is designed to acclimate you to your new environment and your chosen profession. With a daily schedule that usually runs from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m., there's plenty of time for self-guided learning, like taking on a service role in the community or a special project with classmates or faculty.

The stresses long associated with medical school have mostly disappeared. Hopkins students concentrate on one topic per quarter-Molecules and Cells, Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience, and Organ Systems-which means that multiple exams are rarely clustered in the same week. Grades are determined by a combination of performance on tests and in small-group discussions, with short, low-stress quizzes along the way designed simply to keep students informed about their progress.

You'll get a taste of clinical life this year by spending time in the offices of practicing community physicians, where you'll meet patients as they navigate the health-care system. Then, in a weekly "Clinical Correlations" session, you'll participate in patient interviews and watch renowned physicians go through the diagnostic process.

Finally, you'll also get a taste of research. In weekly "Journal Club" sessions, faculty members present research papers just as they do at a scholarly conference, then field questions and discuss the work. Many students receive a stipend to spend the summer after their first year participating in or initiating research projects.

Year Two

This year the pace steps up. During the first three academic quarters, one or two afternoons each week are free for individual pursuits. Meanwhile, you'll learn about organ systems in Human Pathophysiology as you discover the art of history-taking and physical examination in the weekly Clinical Skills course that goes on throughout the year. Small-group learning sessions and laboratory work also continue on a weekly basis. Your first clinical rotation begins in early April, two months before most schools.

For most formal course work, Hopkins uses grades and written evaluations to assess student progress. Competition over grades, however, has never been an issue. The fact is, students from the Hopkins School of Medicine have a fine record of gaining placements in top residency programs around the nation and do well on the National Board exams. So, rather than focusing on grades, they find themselves caught up in the excitement of becoming a physician.

Confidence in the curriculum may help explain why The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine has a dropout rate of less than 1 percent.

Years Three and Four

During these clinical years, Hopkins students work with faculty to map out an individualized two-year plan. You can tackle the required clerkships-in Ambulatory Medicine, Emergency Medicine, General Surgery, Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Neurology and Ophthalmology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Internal Medicine-in any order you choose, and you have a full two years to do it.

The three primary sites for student clerkship programs-The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and Sinai Hospital--are thriving medical centers with a combined total of more than 60,000 admissions a year and more than 500,000 outpatient visits. You'll also spend time in community-based clinics. Enhancing all these experiences will be the close relationships you develop with faculty and residents as you master the fine art of patient interaction.

Hopkins students say the amazing breadth of opportunities they experience clinically prove invaluable when it comes time to choose a specialty.

Hopkins is home to dozens of student groups, many of which receive funding from the student government, the [http://www.jhusom.com/mss/ Medical Student Society (MSS)] .

Notable Past and Present Faculty

* John Jacob Abel - Pharmacologist
* Peter Agre - Molecular biologist, Nobel laureate
* John Shaw Billings - Civil War surgeon, pioneering leader in hygiene
* Alfred Blalock - Developed field of cardiac surgery
* Max Brödel - Acclaimed medical illustrator
* William R. Brody - Radiologist, President of Johns Hopkins University
* John Cameron - Hepatobiliary surgeon
* Ben Carson - Pediatric Neurosurgeon
* Curt I Civin - Oncologist
* Denton Cooley - Cardiovascular surgeon
* Harvey Cushing - Father of modern neurosurgery
* Walter Dandy - Neurosurgeon
* Elliot Fishman - Radiologist
* Carol Greider - Molecular biologist
* William Halsted - Father of modern surgery
* A. McGehee Harvey - Internist
* John Eager Howard - Endocrinologist
* Kay Redfield Jamison - Psychologist and Psychiatry professor
* Howard Kelly - Gynecologist
* Paul Ladenson - Thyroidologist
* Irene H. Maumenee - Geneticist, Ophthalmologist
* Paul McHugh - Psychiatrist
* Victor McKusick - Developed field of medical genetics
* Adolf Meyer - Psychiatrist
* Russell Morgan - Radiologist
* Daniel Nathans - Molecular biologist, Nobel laureate
* William Osler - Father of modern medicine
* Edwards Park - Pediatrician
* Dorothy Reed - Pathologist
* William Rienhoff - Surgeon
* Florence Sabin - Anatomist
* Hamilton O. Smith - Microbiologist, Nobel laureate
* Solomon H. Snyder - Neuroscientist
* Helen Taussig - Pediatric cardiologist
* Vivien Thomas - Developed Blalock-Taussig Shunt
* Bert Vogelstein - Molecular oncologist
* Patrick Walsh - Urologist
* William H. Welch - Pathologist
* David B. Weishampel - Paleontologist, author of The Dinosauria 2004
* Elias Zerhouni - Radiologist, Director of NIH

Nobel laureates

*Peter Agre - Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2003
*Richard Axel - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 2004
*Joseph Erlanger - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1944
*Andrew Fire - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 2006
*Herbert Spencer Gasser - Nobel Prize in Physiology, 1944
*Paul Greengard - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 2000
*Haldan Keffer Hartline - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1967
*Thomas Hunt Morgan - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1933
*Daniel Nathans - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1978
*Martin Rodbell - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1994
*Francis Peyton Rous - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1966
*Hamilton O. Smith - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1978
*Torsten Wiesel - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1981
*George Hoyt Whipple - Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1934

In popular culture

*In the Fox television program "House, MD", Dr. Gregory House is a world-famous diagnostician who attended Johns Hopkins Medical School, and then he was expelled for cheating.cite web|url=http://www.housemd-guide.com/characters/house.php|title=Dr. House Bio] Neurologist Dr. Eric Foreman also attended Hopkins.
*In the TV drama "Grey's Anatomy", Preston Burke is a cardiothoracic surgeon who graduated first in his class from Hopkins Med.
*In "The Simpsons", Julius Hibbert is a family physician who graduated from Hopkins Med.
* Dr Hannibal Lecter, from "The Silence of the Lambs" and other books, completed his residency training at Hopkins Hospital.
*The character of Alex Cross created by author James Patterson is a graduate of Hopkins Med.
*In "The West Wing", President Bartlet's middle daughter Ellie is a student at Hopkins Med.
* Johns Hopkins is mentioned many times in Tom Clancy's novels: Jack Ryan's wife, Cathy, is an ophthalmology professor there.
*The ABC documentary Hopkins takes a look at the life of the medical staff and students of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System cite web|url=http://hopkins.abcnews.com/|title=ABC Hopkins] This new series is a sequel to the 2000 ABC Series Hopkins 24/7.
*Butters, from South Park, gets sent to Johns Hopkins Hospital for scientific study. cite web|url=http://www.southparkstudios.com/clips/164630/|title=South Park Studios]

References