USS Hancock (CV-19)

The fourth USS "Hancock" (CV-19) of the United States Navy was a "long-hull" Sclass|Essex|aircraft carrier. She was named after the first governor of Massachusetts, John Hancock.

"Hancock" was laid down as "Ticonderoga" 26 January 1943 by the Bethlehem Steel Company, Quincy, Massachusetts; renamed "Hancock" 1 May 1943, launched 24 January 1944, sponsored by the wife of Rear Admiral DeWitt Clinton Ramsey, Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, and commissioned 15 April 1944, Captain Fred C. Dickey in command.

Operational History

World War II

After fitting out in the Boston Navy Yard and shake-down training off Trinidad and Venezuela, "Hancock" returned to Boston for alterations 9 July. She departed Boston 31 July en route to Pearl Harbor via the Panama Canal and San Diego, and from there sailed 24 September to join Admiral W. F. Halsey's 3rd Fleet at Ulithi 5 October. She was assigned to Rear Admiral Bogan's Carrier Task Group 38.2.

"Hancock" got underway the following afternoon for a rendezvous point convert|375|mi|km west of the Marianas where units of Vice Admiral Mitscher's Fast Carrier Task Force 38 were assembling in preparation for the daring cruise to raid Japanese air and sea bases in the Ryūkyūs, Formosa, and the Philippines. Thus enemy air power was paralyzed during General MacArthur's invasion of Leyte. When the armada arrived off the Ryukyu Islands 10 October 1944, "Hancock"'s planes rose off her deck to wreak destruction upon Okinawan airfields and shipping. Her planes destroyed 7 enemy aircraft on the ground and assisted in the destruction of a submarine tender, 12 torpedo boats, 2 midget submarines, 4 cargo ships, and a number of sampans. Next on the agenda were Formosan air bases where on 12 October "Hancock"'s pilots downed six enemy planes and destroyed nine more on the ground. She also reported one cargo ship definitely sunk, three probably destroyed, and several others damaged.

As they repelled an enemy air raid that evening, "Hancock"'s gunners accounted for a Japanese plane and drove countless others off during 7 hours of uninterrupted general quarters. The following morning her planes resumed their assault, knocking out ammunition dumps, hangars, barracks, and industrial plants ashore and damaging an enemy transport. As Japanese planes again attacked the Americans during their second night off Formosa, "Hancock"'s antiaircraft fire brought down another raider which crashed about convert|500|yd|m off her flight deck. On the morning of the third day of operations against this enemy stronghold "Hancock" lashed out again at airfields and shipping before retiring to the southeast with her task force. As the American ships withdrew a heavy force of Japanese aircraft roared in for a parting crack. One dropped a bomb off "Hancock"'s port bow a few seconds before being hit by the carrier's guns and crashing into the sea. Another bomb penetrated a gun platform but exploded harmlessly in the water. The surviving attackers then turned tail, and the task force was thereafter unmolested as they sailed toward the Philippines to support the landings at Leyte.

On 18 October she launched planes against airfields and shipping at Laoag, Aparri, and Camiguin Island in Northern Luzon. Her planes struck the islands of Cebu, Panay, Negros, and Masbate, pounding enemy airfields and shipping. The next day she retired toward Ulithi with Vice Admiral John S. McCain, Sr.'s Task Group 38.1.

She received orders 23 October to turn back to the area off Samar to assist in the search for units of the Japanese fleet reportedly closing Leyte to challenge the American fleet, and to destroy amphibious forces which were struggling to take the island from Japan. "Hancock" did not reach Samar in time to assist the heroic escort carriers and destroyers of "Taffy 3" during the main action of the Battle off Samar but her planes did manage to lash the fleeing Japanese Center Force as it passed through the San Bernardino Strait. "Hancock" then rejoined Rear Admiral Bogan's Task Group with which she struck airfields and shipping in the vicinity of Manila 29 October 1944. During operations through 19 November, her planes gave direct support to advancing Army troops and attacked Japanese shipping over a convert|350|mi|km|sing=on area. She became flagship of the Fast Carrier Task Force (TF 38) on 17 November 1944 when Vice Admiral McCain came on board.

Unfavorable weather prevented operations until 25 November when an enemy aircraft roared toward "Hancock" in a suicide dive out of the sun. Antiaircraft fire exploded the plane some convert|300|ft|m above the ship, but a section of its fuselage landed amid ships, and a part of the wing hit the flight deck and burst into flames. Prompt and skillful teamwork quickly extinguished the blaze and prevented serious damage.

"Hancock" returned to Ulithi 27 November and departed from that island with her task group to maintain air patrol over enemy airfields on Luzon to prevent enemy suicide attacks on amphibious vessels of the landing force in Mindoro. The first strikes were launched 14 December against Clark and Angeles Airfields as well as enemy ground targets on Salvador Island. The next day her planes struck installations at Masinloc, San Fernando, and Cabanatuan, while fighter patrols kept the Japanese airmen down. Her planes also attacked shipping in Manila Bay.

"Hancock" encountered a severe typhoon 17 December and rode out the storm in waves which broke over her flight deck, some convert|55|ft|m above her waterline. She put into Ulithi 24 December and got underway 6 days later to attack airfields and shipping around the South China Sea. Her planes struck hard blows at Luzon airfields 7 January and 8 January and turned their attention back to Formosa 9 January hitting fiercely at airfields and the Tokyo Seaplane Station. An enemy convoy north of Camranh Bay, Indochina, was the next victim with 2 ships sunk and 11 damaged. That afternoon "Hancock" launched strikes against airfields at Saigon and shipping on the northeastern bulge of French Indochina. Strikes by the fast and mobile carrier force continued through 16 January, hitting Hainan Island in the Gulf of Tonkin, the Pescadores Islands, and shipping in the harbor of Hong Kong. Raids against Formosa were resumed 20 January 1945. The next afternoon one of her planes returning from a sortie made a normal landing, taxied to a point abreast of the island, and disintegrated in a blinding explosion which killed 50 men and injured 75 others. Again outstanding work quickly brought the fires under control in time to land other planes which were still aloft. She returned to formation and launched strikes against Okinawa the next morning.

"Hancock" reached Ulithi 25 January where Vice Admiral McCain left the ship and relinquished command of the 5th Fleet. She sortied with the ships of her task group 10 February and launched strikes against airfields in the vicinity of Tokyo 16 February. During that day her air group, Air Group 80, downed 71 enemy planes, and accounted for 12 more the next. Her planes hit the enemy naval bases at Chichi Jima and Haha Jima on 19 February. These raids were conducted to isolate Iwo Jima from air and sea support when Marines hit the beaches of that island to begin one of the most bloody and fierce campaigns of the war. "Hancock" took station off this island to provide tactical support through 22 February, hitting enemy airfields and strafing Japanese troops ashore.

Returning to waters off the enemy home islands, "Hancock" launched her planes against targets on northern Honshū, making a diversionary raid on the Nansei-shoto islands 1 March before returning to Ulithi 4 March.

Back in Japanese waters "Hancock" joined other carriers in strikes against Kyūshū airfields, southwestern Honshū and shipping in the Inland Sea of Japan, 18 March 1945. "Hancock" was refueling destroyer "Halsey Powell" (DD-686) 20 March when suicide planes attacked the task force. One plane dove for the two ships but was disintegrated by gunfire when about convert|700|ft|m overhead. Fragments of the plane hit "Hancock"'s deck while its engine and bomb crashed the fantail of the destroyer. "Hancock"'s gunners shot down another plane as it neared the release point of its bombing run on the carrier.

"Hancock" was reassigned to Carrier Task Group 58.3 with which she struck the Nansei-shoto islands 23 through 27 March and Minami Daito Island and Kyūshū at the end of the month.

When the 10th Army landed on the western coast of Okinawa 1 April "Hancock" was on hand to provide close air support. A suicide plane cartwheeled across her flight deck 7 April and crashed into a group of planes while its bomb hit the port catapult to cause a tremendous explosion. Although 62 men were killed and 71 wounded, heroic efforts doused the fires within half an hour enabling her to be back in action before an hour had passed.

"Hancock" was detached from her task group 9 April and steamed to Pearl Harbor for repairs. She sailed back into action 13 June and left lethal calling cards at Wake Island 20 June en route to the Philippines. "Hancock" sailed from San Pedro Bay with the other carriers 1 July and attacked Tokyo airfields 10 July. She continued to operate in Japanese waters until she received confirmation of Japan's capitulation 15 August 1945 when she recalled her planes from their deadly missions before they reached their targets. However planes of her photo division were attacked by seven enemy aircraft over Sagami Wan. Three were shot down and a fourth escaped in a trail of smoke. Later that afternoon planes of "Hancock"'s air patrol shot down a Japanese torpedo plane as it dived on a British task force. Her planes flew missions over Japan in search of prison camps, dropping supplies and medicine, 25 August. Information collected during these flights led to landings under command of Commodore R. W. Simpson which brought doctors and supplies to all Allied prisoner of war encampments.

When the formal surrender of the Japanese government was signed on board battleship "Missouri", "Hancock"'s planes flew overhead. The carrier entered Tokyo Bay 10 September 1945 and sailed 30 September embarking 1,500 passengers at Okinawa for transportation to San Pedro, California, where she arrived 21 October. "Hancock" was fitted out for "Magic Carpet" duty at San Pedro and sailed for Seeadler Harbor, Manus, Admiralty Islands, 2 November. On her return voyage she carried 4,000 passengers who were debarked at San Diego 4 December. A week later "Hancock" departed for her second "Magic Carpet" voyage, embarking 3,773 passengers at Manila for return to Alameda, California, 20 January 1946. She embarked Air Group 7 at San Diego 18 February for air operations off the coast of California. She sailed from San Diego 11 March to embark men of two air groups and aircraft at Pearl Harbor for transportation to Saipan, arriving 1 April 1946. After receiving two other air groups on board at Saipan, she loaded a cargo of aircraft at Guam and steamed by way of Pearl Harbor to Alameda, arriving 23 April 1946. She then steamed to Seattle, Washington, 29 April to await inactivation. The proud ship decommissioned and entered the reserve fleet at Bremerton, Washington.

Pacific Fleet

Insignia of the USS Hancock

"Hancock" commenced conversion and modernization to an attack aircraft carrier in Puget Sound 15 December 1951 and was reclassified CVA-19 on 1 October 1952. She recommissioned 15 February 1954, Captain W. S. Butts in command. She was the first carrier of the United States Fleet with steam catapults capable of launching high performance jets.

She was off San Diego 7 May 1954 for operations along the coast of California that included the launching 17 June of the first aircraft to take off a United States carrier by means of a steam catapult. After a year of operations along the Pacific coast that included testing of Sparrow I and Regulus missiles and Cutlass jet aircraft, she sailed 10 August 1955 for 7th Fleet operations ranging from the shores of Japan to the Philippines and Okinawa. She returned to San Diego 15 March 1956 and decommissioned 13 April for conversion that included the installation of an angled flight deck.

"Hancock" recommissioned 15 November 1956 for training out of San Diego until 6 April 1957 when she again sailed for Hawaii and the Far East. She returned to San Francisco 18 September 1957 and again departed for Japan 15 February 1958. She was a unit of powerful carrier task groups taking station off Taiwan when the Nationalist Chinese islands of Quemoy and Matsu were threatened with Communist invasion in August 1958. The carrier returned to San Francisco 2 October 1958 for overhaul in the San Francisco Naval Shipyard, followed by rigorous at sea training out of San Diego. On 1 August 1959, she sailed to reinforce the 7th Fleet as troubles in Laos demanded the watchful presence of powerful American forces in water off southeast Asia. She returned to San Francisco 18 January 1960 and put to sea early in February to participate in a new demonstration of communications by reflecting ultra-high-frequency waves off the moon. She again departed in August to steam with the 7th Fleet in waters off Laos until lessening of tension in that area permitted operations ranging from Japan to the Philippines.

"Hancock" returned to San Francisco in March 1961, then entered the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for an overhaul that gave her new electronics gear and many other improvements. She again set sail for Far Eastern waters 2 February 1962, patrolling in the South China Sea as crisis and strife mounted both in Laos and in South Vietnam. She again appeared off Quemoy and Matsu in June 1962 to stem a threatened Communist invasion there, then trained along the coast of Japan and in waters reaching to Okinawa. She returned to San Francisco 7 October 1962, made a brief cruise to the coast of Hawaii while qualifying pilots then again sailed 7 June 1963 for the Far East.

"Hancock" joined in combined defense exercises along the coast of South Korea, then deployed off the coast of South Vietnam after the coup which resulted in the death of President Diem. She entered the Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard 16 January 1964 for modernization that included installation of a new ordnance system, hull repairs, and aluminum decking for her flight deck. She celebrated her 20th birthday 2 June 1964 while visiting San Diego. The carrier made a training cruise to Hawaii, then departed Alameda 21 October 1964 for another tour of duty with the 7th Fleet in the Far East.

Vietnam War

"Hancock" reached Japan 19 November and soon was on patrol at Yankee Station in the Gulf of Tonkin. She remained active in Vietnamese waters until heading for home early in the spring of 1965.

November found the carrier steaming back to the war zone. She was on patrol off Vietnam 16 December; and, but for brief respites at Hong Kong, the Philippines, or Japan, "Hancock" remained on station launching her planes for strikes at enemy positions ashore until returning to Alameda, 1 August 1966. Her outstanding record during this combat tour won her the Navy Unit Commendation.

Following operations off the West Coast, "Hancock" returned to Vietnam early in 1967 and resumed her strikes against Communist positions. After fighting during most of the first half of 1967, she returned to Alameda 22 July and promptly began preparations for returning to battle.

Aircraft from "Hancock", along with those from USS Ranger (CV-61) and USS Oriskany (CV-34), joined with other planes for air strikes against North Vietnamese missile and antiaircraft sites south of the 19th parallel in response to attacks on unarmed U.S. reconnaissance aircraft on 21 November–22 November 1970. "Hancock" alternated with Ranger and with USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) on Yankee station until 10 May 1971 when she was relieved by USS Midway (CV-41).

Hancock, along with USS Coral Sea (CV-43), was back on Yankee station by 30 March 1972 when North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam. In response to the invasion, Naval aircraft from "Hancock" and other carriers flew tactical sorties during Operation Freedom Train against military and logistics targets in the southern part of North Vietnam. By the end of April, the strikes covered more areas in North Vietnam throughout the area below 20° 25'N. Between 25 April and 30 April, aircraft from "Hancock"'s VA-55, VA-164, and VA-212 struck enemy-held territory around Kontum and Pleiku.

"Hancock" was again deployed to the waters off South Vietnam again in 1975. Departing Subic Bay, R.P., 23 March, she, along with the carriers Coral Sea, Midway, USS Enterprise (CVN-65) and the amphibious assault ship USS Okinawa (LPH-3), stood by for the possible evacuation of refugees after North Vietnam overran two-thirds of the south. Nearly 9,000 were evacuated: 1,373 U.S. personnel and 6,422 of other nationalities. On 12 May–14 May, she was alerted, although not utilized, for the recovery of SS Mayagüez, a U.S. merchantman with 39 crew, seized in international waters on 12 May by the Communist Khmer Rouge.

Decommissioning

"Hancock" was decommissioned 30 January 1976. She was stricken from the Navy list the following day, and sold for scrap by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) 1 September 1976.

"Hancock" was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation and received four battle stars for service in World War II.

April 3 1956 Elvis Presley appeared on the "The Milton Berle Show", shot onboard the USS Hancock in San Diego California. [ [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78asaw-2G2g YouTube - Broadcast Yourself ] ]

Trivia

"Hancock" has the distinction of being the last wooden-decked aircraft carrier in U.S. Navy service.

References

*DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/h2/hancock-iv.htm

External links

* [http://www.hullnumber.com/CV-19 CV-19 Personnel Roster at HullNumber.com]