Shannon–Weaver model

Shannon–Weaver model

The Shannon–Weaver model of communication has been called the "mother of all models." [cite book | title = Joint Cognitive Systems: Foundations of Cognitive Systems Engineering | author = David D. Woods and Erik Hollnagel | pusblisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0849328217 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=IwRHwOK2IzYC&pg=PA11&ots=ipnCZAaDEE&dq=Shannon%E2%80%93Weaver+model&as_brr=3&sig=s_P4aLWa_JUfvnLdmLpxSZ0bJkc#PPA11,M1 ] It embodies the concepts of information source, message, transmitter, signal, channel, noise, receiver, information destination, probability of error, coding, decoding, information rate, channel capacity, etc.

In 1948 Claude Elwood Shannon published "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" article in two parts in the July and October numbers of the "Bell System Technical Journal". [cite journal | author = Claude Shannon | journal = Bell System Technical Journal | title = A Mathematical Theory of Communication | year = 1948 | volume = 27 | issue = July and October | pages = pp. 379–423, 623–656 | url = http://plan9.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/shannon1948.pdf] In this fundamental work he used tools in probability theory, developed by Norbert Wiener, which were in their nascent stages of being applied to communication theory at that time. Shannon developed information entropy as a measure for the uncertainty in a message while essentially inventing what became known as the dominant form of "information theory."

The book co-authored with Warren Weaver, "The Mathematical Theory of Communication", reprints Shannon's 1948 article and Weaver's popularization of it, which is accessible to the non-specialist. [cite book | title = The Mathematical Theory of Communication | author = Warren Weaver and Claude Elwood Shannon | year = 1963 | publisher = Univ. of Illinois Press | isbn = 0252725484 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=dk0n_eGcqsUC&pg=PP1&ots=e2yJrRUVtI&dq=inauthor:shannon+inauthor:weaver&sig=CP-YxK1SVlAY7iOUXmd9W9FDhUQ ] Shannon's concepts were also popularized, subject to his own proofreading, in John Robinson Pierce's "Symbols, Signals, and Noise". [cite book | title = An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals & Noise | author = John Robinson Pierce | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=fXxde44_0zsC&pg=PR9&ots=5E_4ZqwIOx&dq=intitle:information+intitle:theory+inauthor:pierce+shannon+weaver&sig=UbUYWQcqnEd8gLWe0c1dIjGRZnM | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | year = 1980 | isbn = 0486240614 ]

The term "Shannon–Weaver model" was widely adopted into the social science fields, such as education, organizational analysis, psychology, etc. In engineering and mathematics fields, Shannon's theory is used more literally, and referred to by his name alone, as "Shannon theory", or as information theory, [cite book | url = http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=334156.334169 | chapter = Fifty years of Shannon theory | author = Sergio Verdü | title = Information theory: 50 years of discovery | isbn = 0-7803-5363-3 | year = 2000 | pages = 13–34 | publisher = IEEE Press | editor = Sergio Verdü and Steven W. McLaughlin] since the popularized model of Weaver is not needed to utilize Shannon's mathematical results.

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