Nassau Hurricane of 1926

Infobox Hurricane
Name=Nassau Hurricane of 1926
Type=hurricane
Year=1926
Basin=Atl
Image location=


Formed=July 22, 1926
Dissipated=August 2, 1926
1-min winds=120
Pressure=975
Pressurepre=≤
Da

Inflated=0
Fatalities=287 direct
Areas=Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bahamas, Florida, Southeastern United States
Hurricane season=1926 Atlantic hurricane seasonThe Nassau Hurricane of 1926,cite web|author=Nassau Guardian|year=1926|title=The Nassau Hurricane, July 25-26, 1926|publisher=U.S. Weather Bureau|accessdate=2007-08-05|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/054/mwr-054-07-0296.pdf] also known as the Bahamas-Florida Hurricane of July 1926 and Hurricane San Liborio, was a destructive Category 4 hurricane that affected the Bahamas at peak intensity. Although it weakened considerably before its Florida landfall, it was reported as one of the most severe storms to affect Nassau in the Bahamas in several years until the 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane, which occurred just two years later. The storm also delivered flooding rains and loss of crops to the southeastern United States and Florida.

Meteorological history

The system was first spotted east of the Lesser Antilles as a tropical disturbance on July 22. Moving northwest, the tropical storm passed near Dominica with moderate intensity, then passed just south of Puerto Rico on July 23 with a gradual increase in intensity. San Juan, Puerto Rico, recorded maximum winds of around 66 mph (105 km/h) and a low barometric pressure of 1005 mbar as the storm's center passed near the extreme southwest corner of Puerto Rico.cite web|author=Charles L. Mitchell|year=1926|title=Storms and Weather Warnings|publisher=U.S. Weather Bureau|accessdate=2007-08-05|url=http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/054/mwr-054-07-0312.pdf] The storm continued northwest and tracked over Hispaniola while strengthening to hurricane status. The storm continued strengthening, and by the time it reached the central Bahamas, it was at full Category 4 intensity with 140 mph (225 km/h) winds. On July 26, while still moving northwest, the storm's eye passed directly over Nassau, [ [http://www.hurricanecity.com/city/nassau.htm Nassau Bahamas Hurricanes ] ] where winds were unofficially estimated at 135 mph (220 km/h) and heavy damage was reported. Moving slowly, the storm weakened while sliding up the Florida coast, making final landfall near Melbourne, Florida, on July 27 as a Category 2 hurricane.cite web|author=Blake, Rappaport, and Landsea|year=2006|title=The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones (1851 to 2006)|publisher=NOAA|accessdate=2007-08-05|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/NWS-TPC-5.pdf] In Florida, the storm's lowest barometric pressure of 975 mbar was observed.

The storm weakened rapidly as it moved inland, weakening to a tropical storm and eventually a depression as it moved across Georgia and Alabama while dumping heavy rains, resulting in serious flooding. It continued across the southeastern United States while losing tropical characteristics, gradually beginning to curve northeastward over Arkansas, Missouri, and the Ohio Valley, becoming extratropical on August 1. [http://www.ibiblio.org/uncpress/hurricanes/fl_book.html Jay Barnes on Hurricanes | Florida's Hurricane History ] ] It finally dissipated the following day as it moved northeastward over Lake Ontario. [http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/atlantic/1926/1/track.gif]

Impact

More than 287 people were killed in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Bahamas, and Florida by the storm.

Puerto Rico

The storm initially caused little damage until it passed near Puerto Rico, where heavy crop damage, most notably to coffee plantations in the west-central region of the island, occurred. Heavy rainfall of around 6.18 inches occurred on the island, while the average rainfall reported for July was 6.50 inches. Around 25 lives were lost when heavy floods resulted from rapid rise of rivers. Total losses in Puerto Rico were estimated at $2.350 million dollars.

Hispaniola

Estimated damage amounted to around $3 million in eastern Santo Domingo as the storm center passed over the eastern half of the island.

Bahamas

Although damage reports are not clear, the storm was reported to be destructive around Nassau, where "some roofs were torn off entirely" and that the storm was "more fearful and devastating than any most people can remember", according to an eyewitness account posted in the July issue of the Monthly Weather Review. Trees, power poles, and various debris littered streets, and many people were left homeless. Automobiles at Nassau were also reported damaged by the storm, and flooding was reported. The hurricane also caused heavy damage nearby on Eleuthera and Andros, as well as in the Exumas.

Florida

The storm was also reported to have caused damage around the point of landfall in Melbourne, Florida, where uprooted citrus trees and roofs blown off were reported. An observer on Merritt Island reported a heavy storm surge along the Indian River which damaged or destroyed homes, docks, and boats.

Points further south along the Florida coast, such as Miami, received only a brush from the storm, resulting in rains and some light wind damage. [ [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/miami/peopleevents/pande07.html The American Experience | Mr. Miami Beach | People & Events | The Hurricane of 1926 ] ] Flooding was also experienced at points such as Palm Beach. [http://www.co.palm-beach.fl.us/pubsafety/eoc/floodawareness/main/primary_flood_events.htm] Damage estimates in Florida exceeded $2.5 million.

Trivia

Prior to the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, this was the most intense hurricane ever recorded in July (with 140 mph winds) until Hurricane Emily of 2005, a Category 5 hurricane which had top sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) and a pressure of 929 millibars, [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL052005_Emily.pdf] surpassed the intensity of the July 1926 hurricane. Hurricane Dennis, also from 2005, was also still more intense in barometric pressure and wind strength than the hurricane of July 1926. [ [http://www.hurricaneville.com/emily.php Hurricane Emily Becomes Most Powerful July Hurricane Ever-8/10/05 ] ] Note that Hurricane Audrey was also more intense and occurred even earlier in the season in June.

ee also

*List of Atlantic hurricanes

References

External links

* [http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/054/mwr-054-07-0296.pdf July issue of the Monthly Weather Review]
* [http://www.hurricanecity.com/city/nassau.htm Hurricane history of Nassau, Bahamas]
* [http://www.hurricaneville.com/emily.php July 1926 storm compared to Dennis and Emily of July 2005]
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/uncpress/hurricanes/fl_book.html Jay Barnes: Florida's Hurricane History]
* [http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/atlantic/1926/index.html Unisys data on 1926 Atlantic hurricane season]
* [http://tunapointlighthouse.homestead.com/Hurricane.html Puerto Rico Hurricanes and Tropical Storms]