- 23 (number)
:"This article is about the number 23. For the year, see
23 . For the movies, see23 (film) andThe Number 23 . For other uses, see23 (disambiguation) "Number|number = 23
range = 20s
cardinal = twenty-three
ordinal = rd
ordinal text = twenty-third
numeral =
factorization = prime
prime =
divisor = 1, 23
roman = XXIII
unicode =
greek prefix =
latin prefix =
bin = 10111
oct = 27
duo =
hex = 17
misc =23 (twenty-three) is the
natural number following 22 and preceding 24.In mathematics
Twenty-three is the ninth
prime number , the smallest odd prime which is not atwin prime . Twenty-three is also the fifthfactorial prime , the secondWoodall prime . It is anEisenstein prime with noimaginary part andreal part of the form 3n - 1.The fifth
Sophie Germain prime and the fourthsafe prime , 23 is the next to last member of the firstCunningham chain of the first kind to have five terms (2, 5, 11, 23, 47). Since 14! + 1 is a multiple of 23 but 23 is not one more than a multiple 14, 23 is aPillai prime . 23 is the smallest odd prime to be ahighly cototient number , as the solution to "x" - φ("x") for the integers 95, 119, 143, 529.Twenty-three is the
aliquot sum of twointegers ; the discretebiprime s57 and85 and is the base of the 23-aliquot tree.23 is the first prime P for which unique factorization of cyclotomic integers based on the P'th root of unity breaks down. The sum of the first 23 primes is 874, which is divisible by 23, a property shared by few other numbers. [OEIS|id=A045345] [ [http://www.primepuzzles.net/puzzles/puzz_031.htm Puzzle 31.- The Average Prime number, APN(k) = S(Pk)/k] from the The Prime Puzzles & Problems Connection website]
In the list of
Fortunate number s, 23 occurs twice, since adding 23 to either the fifth or eighthprimorial gives a prime number (namely 2333 and 9699713).23 also has the distinction of being one of two integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of fewer than 9 cubes of integers (the other is 239). See
Waring's problem .23 is a
Wedderburn-Etherington number . The codewords in the perfect (non-extended)binary Golay code are of size 23.According to the
birthday paradox , in a group of 23 (or more) randomly chosen people, the probability is more than 50% that some pair of them will have the same birthday.There were 23 problems on
David Hilbert 's famous list of unsolved mathematical problems, presented to theInternational Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900.In base 10, 23 is the second
Smarandache-Wellin prime , as it is the concatenation of the base 10 representations of the first two primes (2 and 3) and is itself also prime. It is also ahappy number in base 10. 23! is 23 digits long in base 10. There are only three other numbers that have this property: 1, 22, and 24.The
natural logarithm s of allpositive integer s lower than 23 are known to have binaryBBP-type formula e. [http://www.math.grinnell.edu/~chamberl/papers/bbp.pdf]The first 6 digits of
Pi are 3.14159 which all add up to 23.In science
*The
atomic number ofvanadium .
*Theatomic mass number of thestable isotope ofsodium .
*Normal humansex cells have 23chromosome s. [H. Wramsby, K. Fredga, P. Liedholm, "Chromosome analysis of human oocytes recovered from preovulatory follicles in stimulated cycles" "New England Journal of Medicine" 316 3 (1987): 121 - 124] Other human cells have 46 chromosomes, arranged in pairs. [Barbara J. Trask, "Human genetics and disease: Human cytogenetics: 46 chromosomes, 46 years and counting" "Nature Reviews Genetics" 3 (2002): 769. "Human cytogenetics was born in 1956 with the fundamental, but empowering, discovery that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes."]In technology
23 is the
TCP/IP port used fortelnet and is the default for the telnet command.In religion
*
Psalm 23 , also known as the Shepherd Psalm, is possibly the most quoted and best known Psalm. [Miriam Dunson, "A Very Present Help: Psalm Studies for Older Adults". New York: Geneva Press (1999): 91. "Psalm 23 is perhaps the most familiar, the most loved, the most memorized, and the most quoted of all the psalms."] Psalms is also the 23rd book in theDouay-Rheims Bible .
*In Islam, theQur'an was revealed in a total of 23 years to Muhammad. ["Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths," Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers, ] [ [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/017.qmt.html#017.106 Qur'an, Chapter 17, Verse 106] ]
*InAbhidharma , the number of anomalous generic types (of a possible 72) - e.g., events are considered "sui generis" because they are not reducible to either mind or matter - is 23.
*"Principia Discordia ", the sacred text ofDiscordianism , holds that 23 (along with 5) is the sacred number of Eris, goddess of discord.In sports
The number 23 has been retired for quite a few prominent athletes.
Michael Jordan wore number 23 (with the exception of a short period of time) when he playedprofessional basketball with theChicago Bulls and, later, theWashington Wizards .Don Mattingly of theNew York Yankees wore number 23; theNew York Yankees retired the number in 1997.Ryne Sandberg , of theChicago Cubs , wore number 23, which was retired on August 28, 2005.Bob Nystrom of theNew York Islanders wore number 23 and has had the number retired in his honour.Manchester City F.C. have not assigned the squad number 23 to any player since 2003. This is becauseMarc-Vivien Foé , the player who collapsed and died while playing for Cameroon onJune 26 2003 , had held this squad number at Manchester City.23 is the highest number in
Football World Cup squads.In music
* The doorway David Bowie stands in on the Ziggy Stardust album is number 23.
* Several songs and albums use the number 23 as their titles, includingTristan Prettyman 's debut album, the eleventh song from Tool's fourth full-length studio album "10,000 Days ", "Viginti Tres" (Latin for twenty-three).
*Blonde Redhead have the album '23' and the song with the same name.
*Jimmy Eat World 's song "23" appeared on their album Futures. The number also appears in the songs "Christmas Card" and "12.23.95" as well as on some items of clothing produced by the band.
*Four tet andYellowcard both have songs titled "Twenty-Three".
* The song "Aquarius", byBoards of Canada , runs through a series of random spoken numbers which ends with the number twenty-three.
*On the albumEnema of the State the songWhat's My Age Again? byBlink 182 . There is a lyric that states "nobody likes you when you're 23"In film and television
*"23" is a German film about Karl Koch
*"The Number 23 " is a 2007 film starringJim Carrey .
*23 is one of The Numbers - 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, and 42 - featured in "Lost".
*Mr. Hong-Tow a Japanese physiologist would often paint the number 23 on his body
*InThe Matrix Reloaded , the Architect tells Neo it is of utmost importance to choose 23 people to repopulate Zion.
*In Jeepers Creepers, the Creeper appears every 23 years for 23 days to feast on human flesh.
*House number of psychologist played by Billy Crystal inAnalyze That is 23.In other fields
*In
Zelda 64 , twenty-three is number one.
*The23 Enigma plays a prominent role in the plot ofthe Illuminatus! Trilogy byRobert Shea andRobert Anton Wilson .
*23 skidoo was a 20th Century American slang phrase.
*Dr Pepper is advertised as having 23 flavors.
*Julius Caesar was stabbed 23 times when he was assassinated.
*23 is the number of the French departmentCreuse References
External links
* [http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/topstories/tm_objectid=13136269%26method=full%26siteid=94762-name_page.html Article in the British newspaper "The Mirror" regarding the power of the number 23]
* [http://nexus23.org A Portal for 23 Knowledge and Culture]
* [http://www.dauddegtre.co.uk/ 23 facts, 23 images, 23 gallery, and links to other 23's]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.