Gray-tailed Mountain-gem

Taxobox
name = Gray-tailed Mountain-gem


image_width = 250px
image_caption = Female
status = NE
status_system = iucn3.1
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Trochiliformes
familia = Trochilidae
genus = "Lampornis"
species = "L. castaneoventris"
species = "Lampornis castaneoventris"
subspecies = "L. c. cinereicauda"
trinomial = "Lampornis castaneoventris cinereicauda"
trinomial_authority = (Lawrence, 1867)

The Gray-tailed Mountain-gem ("Lampornis cinereicauda") is a hummingbird which breeds only in the mountains of southern Costa Rica. According to recent studies (García-Moreno "et al.", 2006) it is a subspecies of the White-throated Mountain-gem, but about to become a distinct species, a process already completed by its relative, the Purple-throated Mountain-gem "L. calolaema".

This bird inhabits forested areas in hilly terrain, and is found at altitudes from 1850 m to the timberline in the Talamanca range. It is 10.5 cm long. The male weighs 6.2 g and the female 5 g. The shortish black bill is slightly curved.

The adult male Gray-tailed Mountain-gem has bronze-green upperparts and underparts except for a brilliant green crown, pure white throat and grey tail. The female lacks the bright crown and throat, and has rich cinnamon underparts. Young birds resemble the female but have buff fringes to the upperparts plumage. The female Gray-tailed Mountain-gem is entirely responsible for nest building and incubation. She lays two white eggs in a deep plant-fibre cup nest 1-3 m high in a scrub. Incubation takes 15-19 days, and fledging another 20-26.

The food of this species is nectar, taken from a variety of small flowers, including epiphytic Ericaceae and bromeliads. Like other hummingbirds it also takes small insects as an essential source of protein.

Male Gray-tailed Mountain-gems defend flowers and scrubs in their feeding territories, and are dominant except at higher levels where the range overlaps with Fiery-throated Hummingbird. The call of this species is a sharp "pick" or "zeet".

The species in its entirety is rated as Least Concern by the IUCN.

References

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
* García-Moreno, Jaime; Cortés, Nandadeví; García-Deras, Gabriela M. & Hernández-Baños, Blanca E. (2006): Local origin and diversification among Lampornis hummingbirds: A Mesoamerican taxon. "Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" 38(2): 488–498. DOI|10.1016/j.ympev.2005.08.015 (HTML abstract)
* Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander F. (1990): "A guide to the birds of Costa Rica". Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4

External links

* [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=3155 Variable Mountain-gem videos] on the Internet Bird Collection