Robert Richards (Australian politician)

Infobox Officeholder
name=Robert Richards


order=32nd Premier of South Australia
term_start=February 13 1933
term_end=April 18 1933
predecessor=Lionel Hill
successor=Richard L. Butler
birth_date=birth date|1885|05|31|df=y
birth_place=Moonta, South Australia, Australia
death_date=death date and age|1967|04|24|1885|05|31|df=y
death_place=Moonta, South Australia, Australia
party=Australian Labor Party

Hon. Robert Stanley “Bob” Richards (31 May 1885 – 24 April 1967) was the 32nd Premier of South Australia.

Born in Moonta, South Australia, the youngest of twelve children to Cornish miner Richard Richards and his wife Mary, Richards was locally educated before leaving school at age 13 to work in the Moonta mines, initially in menial jobs and later as a carpenter.

In his early twenties Richards moved to Burnie, Tasmania to manage a copper mine before returning to Moonta, where he married Ada Dixon on 31 January 1914. Richards also became involved with the labour movement and was elected President of the mining section of the Australian Workers Union in 1917, proving himself to be a forceful and competent leader. A lay Methodist preacher, Freemason and keen cricketer and Australian rules footballer, Richards was a popular and well known local identity and it came as no surprise when he sought Australian Labor Party preselection.

Elected to the Electoral district of Wallaroo (which covered Moonta) in the South Australian House of Assembly at the 1918 election, Richards quickly gained a reputation in parliament for his leadership and debating abilities and following Labor’s victory at the 1924 election, Richards was named Chairman of Committees, firstly in the John Gunn led government and, following Gunn's resignation, in Lionel Hill’s cabinet.

Ousted from government in 1927 by the Richard Layton Butler led Liberal Federation, Richards and the Labor Party watched on as South Australia first enjoyed the boom of the 1920s and then suffered the onset of the Great Depression. The 1930 election was highlighted by Butler’s warning to voters that the Depression would worsen before it improved and Labor leader Hill’s promise of a master plan to solve the problems of the Depression. Labor was swept to power and Richards appointed to the positions of Commissioner of Crown Lands, Minister of Mines and Marine and Minister of Labour and Employment.

Unfortunately, Labor did not have a master strategy to combat the Depression, and was instead forced to institute wage cuts and sweeping retrenchments in the public service as part of implementing the frugal measures of the 1931 Premier's Plan enacted to fight the Depression. The Premier’s Plan saw widespread discontent in South Australia, particularly within traditional working-class Labor supporters, resulting in the ALP state executive expelling the Hill cabinet (including Richards) from the Labor Party later in 1931.

Due to the support of the opposition, the Hill Cabinet remained precariously in power until February 1933 when Hill happily resigned as Premier nine weeks before the election to move to London as Australian Agent-General. This abrupt departure left Richards a reluctant Premier, lacking public or party support.

Richards spent his nine weeks as Premier attempting to talk up the achievements of his cabinetMcMullin, R. (1991) "The Light on the Hill: The Australian Labor Party 1891 – 1991". Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. ISBN 0-19-553451-4.] but the effects of the Depression, a fragmented ALP (three Labor parties contested the election; the Parliamentary Labor Party, of which Richards was a member, the official ALP and Lang Labor), and a revitalised opposition in the guise of the Butler led Liberal and Country League, a merging of the Liberal Federation and the Country Party, led to a heavy defeat for Labor.

[
Richard Butler, Lionel Hill and Sir Henry Barwell meet with then Premier Tom Playford in 1940] Richards spent the next year working to reunite the ALP and following his success, served as Deputy Leader of the party from 1934 (under the leadership of Andrew Lacey) and, following another heavy defeat in 1938, where more independents were elected to parliament than ALP members, Richards was returned to the Labor leadership. Later in 1938, many within Labor circles believed Richards would regain the premiership at the next election following the resignation of Butler and the subsequent rise of the undistinguished Thomas Playford IV to Premier. Instead Playford would become the longest serving Premier in Australian history and Labor would spend a further 26 years in opposition.

Richards remained opposition leader for 11 years, during which Labor increased its vote at three consecutive elections, but could not win government, because of the electoral gerrymander (known as the Playmander). By 1949, Richards had suffered the death of his wife and, with the realisation that under the current electoral system there was little chance of Labor returning to government, retired from politics to serve as the Commonwealth Government’s Administrator of Nauru, taking his new bride with him.

He returned from Nauru to Adelaide in 1951; served as Director of Radio 5KA, then under Methodist control; and was appointed to the South Australian government Forestry Board in 1954. Playford, never afraid to make use of opponents’ skills for the greater good, also commissioned Richards to investigate issues relating to delinquent children, mining issues and housing.

Afflicted by diabetes, Richards nonetheless lived long enough to see a Labor government returned to South Australia (under the leadership of Premier Frank Walsh) in 1965. He died in Moonta two years later, and received a state funeral.

References

* [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A110385b.htm Australian Dictionary of Biography]
* Parliament of South Australia site [http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/pp/html/richards.shtm] Accessed 3 February 2006

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