- John Gunn (Australian politician)
John Gunn (
16 December 1884 –27 June 1959 ) was the 29thPremier of South Australia .Gunn was born in
Bendigo, Victoria , the second of nine children to a Scottish miner and his wife. Gunn's father died when he was young, forcing him to work as a delivery boy to support his mother and siblings while studying at night classes.Gunn worked a variety of jobs in
Melbourne and in theWestern Australia n timber mills before returning to Melbourne to marry Haidee Smith on8 September 1908 . Australian Dictionary of Biography
last= Blewett
first= Neal
authorlink= Neal Blewett
year=1996
id=A090135b
title= Gunn, John (1884 - 1959)
accessdate=2008-03-14 ] They then moved toAdelaide where Gunn found work as a horse-lorry driver on the Port Road. He soon became the President of the South Australian branch of the Federated Carters and Driver's Union and organised the 1910 Drivers' Strike, which secured reduced working hours, although he made enemies in the wealthy and influential Adelaide Establishment, who considered him a dangerous communist.Gunn's success with the Carters and Driver's Union led to his election as President of the
United Trades and Labour Council of South Australia in 1911 and, as his star continued to rise, he was elected toAdelaide City Council in 1914, serving to 1916, when he became Federal President of the Federated Carters and Driver's Union. [Prest, W. & Round, K. (ed) (2001) "Wakefield Companion to South Australian History", Wakefield Press, Adelaide. ISBN 1-86254-558-8]"Greatly respected for his tactful courtesy and self-control", Gunn entered the
South Australian House of Assembly at the 1915 election as anAustralian Labor Party member for theElectoral district of Adelaide . He soon emerged as a leading anti-conscriptionist in the bitter internal Labor fight overconscription which led to a split in the party. Resigning his seat, Gunn stood unsuccessfully for the federal House of RepresentativesDivision of Boothby as an anti-conscriptionist candidate at the 1917 election but returned to state parliament by regaining his Adelaide seat at the 1918 South Australian election.While many Labor party members were opposed to conscription, party leadership, including premier
Crawford Vaughan , were in favour and either resigned or were expelled from the party, leaving Labor with a rump of inexperienced members of parliament following their 1918 election loss. Gunn, aged 32, was elected leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition, a move that concerned the Establishment, who recalled the 1910 Driver's Strike and thought he should not be allowed near the reins of power. A media campaign against Gunn began in earnest.The Labor Party lost the 1921 election but was able to regain a number of Adelaide-based seats they had lost in 1918 and, under Gunn's leadership, defeated
Henry Barwell 'sLiberal Federation at the 1924 election following a split between theLiberal Federation and its erstwhile ally, the Country Party. Gunn became Premier, Treasurer and Minister for Irrigation and Minister for Repatriation at age 39. As Premier, Gunn established theState Bank of South Australia and developed Colonel Light Gardens, one ofAustralia 's first planned suburbs. He also increased expenditure on education, including a salary rise for teachers, improved public service working conditions, built more roads and encouraged rural settlement. [John Gunn Biography, Parliament of South Australia [http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Members/PastPremiers/Past+Premiers/Past+Premiers.htm] (Accessed 21 May 2006)] His reforms impressed many and even received grudging praise from the previously hostile media, who realised he had mellowed into a more moderate figure than the strike leader of 15 years prior.Gunn still raised the ire of conservatives through his plans to redraw the Assembly electorate boundaries, introduce a
proportional representation electoral system, introduce adult franchise to the Legislative Council and establish a state government insurance commission, all of which were defeated by the conservative controlled Legislative Council.Having gained a reputation as a competent administrator and Premier, Gunn surprised many when he suddenly resigned from the Premiership and parliament on
9 August 1926 to accept a Melbourne-based position with the Commonwealth Development and Migration Commission on a greatly improved salary. When this position ended, he accepted a federal government appointment in 1930 and moved toCanberra . When Australian Prime MinisterJoseph Lyons declined to renew Gunn's contract in 1935, Gunn, estranged from his wife and family and possibly in debt, suffered a nervous breakdown.Little is known of his subsequent life and Gunn died in poverty in
Waterfall, New South Wales . So far was his fall into obscurity that the South Australian media did not become aware of their former Premier's death for some weeks.References
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