- Haplogroup M (Y-DNA)
Infobox haplogroup
name =M
origin-date =10,000 years BP
origin-place =
ancestor =K
mutations =P256
members =People ofNew Guinea andMelanesia Inhuman genetics , Haplogroup M (P256) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.This haplogroup is found at various frequencies among populations of eastern
Indonesia ,Melanesia (includingPapua New Guinea ),Micronesia , andPolynesia . The majority of males fromPapua New Guinea and Melanesia carry haplogroup M chromosomes. [Karafet et al. (2008)]It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup K, and is believed to have first appeared approximately 10,000 years ago.
Subclades
The
subclade s of Haplogroup M with their defining mutation, according to Karafet et al (2008) [http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/abstract/gr.7172008v1] ."Note" The 2008 paper introduced a number of changes, compared to the previous [http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpM.html 2006 ISOGG tree] . Before the discovery of the P256 marker, the current subgroup M1 (defined by the M4 marker) previously represented the whole of Haplogroup M; and subgroups M2 and M3 were formerly classed as subgroups K1 and K7 of the parent Haplogroup K.
**M (P256)
***M1 (M4, M5, M106, M186, M189, P35) "Typical of Papuan peoples"
****M1*
****M1a (P34) "Found inPapua New Guinea andIndonesia " [ [http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lansing/docs/Y%20Bali%20article.pdf Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders] , Tatiana M. Karafet, J. S. Lansing, Alan J. Redd, Joseph C. Watkins, S. P. K. Surata, W. A. Arthawiguna, Laura Mayer, Michael Bamshad, Lynn B. Jorde, and Michael F. Hammer, "Human Biology" (Feb. 2005)]
*****M1a*
*****M1a1 (P51)
****M1b (P87)
*****M1b*
*****M1b1 (M104 (P22)) "Typical of populations of theBismarck Archipelago andBougainville Island " [Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," "Molecular Biology and Evolution" 2006 23(8):1628-1641]
******M1b1*
******M1b1a (M16)
******M1b1b (M83)
***M2 (M353, M387) "Found at a low frequency in theSolomon Islands andFiji "
****M2*
****M2a (SRY9138 (M177))
***M3 (P117) "Found inMelanesia "References
External links
* [https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my040 Spread of Haplogroup M] , from "
National Geographic "
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