Haplogroup M (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup M (Y-DNA)

Infobox haplogroup
name =M


origin-date =10,000 years BP
origin-place =
ancestor =K
mutations =P256
members =People of New Guinea and MelanesiaIn human genetics, Haplogroup M (P256) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

This haplogroup is found at various frequencies among populations of eastern Indonesia, Melanesia (including Papua New Guinea), Micronesia, and Polynesia. The majority of males fromPapua New Guinea and Melanesia carry haplogroup M chromosomes. [Karafet et al. (2008)]

It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup K, and is believed to have first appeared approximately 10,000 years ago.

Subclades

The subclades of Haplogroup M with their defining mutation, according to Karafet et al (2008) [http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/abstract/gr.7172008v1] .

"Note" The 2008 paper introduced a number of changes, compared to the previous [http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpM.html 2006 ISOGG tree] . Before the discovery of the P256 marker, the current subgroup M1 (defined by the M4 marker) previously represented the whole of Haplogroup M; and subgroups M2 and M3 were formerly classed as subgroups K1 and K7 of the parent Haplogroup K.

**M (P256)
***M1 (M4, M5, M106, M186, M189, P35) "Typical of Papuan peoples"
****M1*
****M1a (P34) "Found in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia" [ [http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~lansing/docs/Y%20Bali%20article.pdf Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders] , Tatiana M. Karafet, J. S. Lansing, Alan J. Redd, Joseph C. Watkins, S. P. K. Surata, W. A. Arthawiguna, Laura Mayer, Michael Bamshad, Lynn B. Jorde, and Michael F. Hammer, "Human Biology" (Feb. 2005)]
*****M1a*
*****M1a1 (P51)
****M1b (P87)
*****M1b*
*****M1b1 (M104 (P22)) "Typical of populations of the Bismarck Archipelago and Bougainville Island" [Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," "Molecular Biology and Evolution" 2006 23(8):1628-1641]
******M1b1*
******M1b1a (M16)
******M1b1b (M83)
***M2 (M353, M387) "Found at a low frequency in the Solomon Islands and Fiji"
****M2*
****M2a (SRY9138 (M177))
***M3 (P117) "Found in Melanesia"

References

External links

* [https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=my040 Spread of Haplogroup M] , from "National Geographic"


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =I1 origin date =4,000 to 20,000 BC origin place =Balkans, Scandinavia, France, Iberia or Ukraine ancestor = I descendants = mutations =M253, M307, P30, P40 members =People of Northern Europe (Norwegian, Swedish, English,… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =I origin date =20,000 25,000 years BP origin place =Western Balkans / former Adriatic steppes, Central and Western Europe / Germany, Western Scandinavia / Sweden and Norway ancestor =IJ descendants =I1, I2 mutations =M170 …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup G2c (Y-DNA) — In human genetics, Haplogroup G2c (formerly G5) is a Y chromosome haplogroup and is defined by the presence of the M377 mutation.cite journal author=Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, et al title=Polarity and temporality of high resolution y… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name = E1b1b or E M215 origin place = East Africa or Middle East [https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html National Geographic s Genographic Project Haplogroup E3b (M35)] ] origin date = approx 26,000 years BP …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =I2 origin date =probably >15 kya (see subclade descriptions) origin place =Southeastern Europe ancestor = I descendants =I2a, I2b (see subclade descriptions) mutations =M438/P215/S31 members =I2a1 Croatia, Bosnia and… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup IJ (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =IJ origin date = origin place =Middle East ancestor =F descendants =I, J mutations =M429, P123, P124, P125, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22In human genetics, Haplogroup IJ is a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup.Haplogroup …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =G origin date = 40,000 BCE origin place =Near East or Southern Asia ancestor =F brother groups = haplogroups H, IJ (parent of I and J), and K descendants =G1 (M285), G2a (P15), G2c (M377), G3 (P287) mutations =M201… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup O (Y-DNA) — In human genetics, Haplogroup O (M175) is a Y chromosome DNA haplogroup.DistributionThis haplogroup appears in 80 90% of all men in East and Southeast Asia, and it is almost exclusive to that region: M175 is almost nonexistent in Western Siberia …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =R1a origin date =15,000 years BP origin place =East Iran or Pakistan or North India or Western Caucasus or Ukraine ancestor =Haplogroup R1 descendants = mutations =SRY 1532, M17 members =Ishkashimi 68%, Tajik/Khojant 64% …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup D (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =D origin date =approx. 50,000 BP [http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG HapgrpD08.html Y DNA Haplogroup D and its Subclades 2008] ] origin place =AsiaKarafet et al. (2008), [http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/abstract/gr.7172008v… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup F (Y-DNA) — Infobox haplogroup name =F origin date =45,000 years BP origin place =North Africa, Middle East or South Asia ancestor =CF descendants =G, H, IJ, K mutations =M89, M213/P137, M235, P14, P133, P134, P135, P136, P138, P139, P140, P141, P142, P145,… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”