Basil Embry

Infobox Military Person
name=Basil Embry


caption=
born=28 February 1902
died=7 December 1977
placeofbirth=Gloucestershire, England
placeofdeath=Boyup Brook, Western Australia
nickname=
allegiance=United Kingdom
branch=Royal Air Force
serviceyears=1921-1956
rank=Air Chief Marshal
unit=
commands=Fighter Command
No 2 Group
No 107 Squadron
battles=World War II
awards=Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Order & Three Bars
Distinguished Flying Cross
Air Force Cross
Mention in Despatches (4)
relations=
laterwork=Sheep farmer
Air Chief Marshal Sir Basil Edward Embry GCB, KBE, DSO & Three Bars, DFC, AFC, RAF, (28 February 1902 – 7 December 1977) was a senior Royal Air Force commander. He was Commander-in-Chief of Fighter Command from 1949 to 1953.

Early life and career

Basil Embry was born in Gloucestershire, England, in 1902 and as a young boy at Bromsgrove School he developed an avid interest in aviation. In 1921 he joined the Royal Air Force with a short service commission as an Acting Pilot Officer. [LondonGazette |issue=32271 |date=19 March 1921 |startpage=2472 |endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] In 1922 he was sent into Iraq, serving under future Air Marshals Arthur Harris and Robert Saundby. By 1926 Embry's enthusiasm, professional application, boundless energy and flair for the unconventional had put him on the fast track for promotion within the RAF, and he was rewarded with the Air Force Cross in that year's New Year Honours, [LondonGazette |issue=33119|date=29 December 1925 |startpage=10|endpage= |supp=yes |accessdate=2008-04-28] and appointment to a permanent commission. [LondonGazette |issue=33120|date=1 January 1926 |startpage=47|endpage=48|accessdate=2008-04-28]

Promoted to Flight Lieutenant, [LondonGazette |issue=33290 |date=1 July 1927 |startpage=4240 |endpage= |supp= |accessdate=2008-04-27 |accessyear=] Embry returned to Britain in 1927 as instructor at the Central Flying School, Uxbridge.

In 1934 he was posted to India to serve in the Indian Wing on the North West Frontier. He was promoted Squadron Leader in 1935 [LondonGazette |issue=34226 |date=3 December 1935 |startpage=7674|endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] and was awarded his first DSO for operations in Waziristan. [LondonGazette |issue=34551|date=13 September 1938 |startpage=5834|endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] He was further promoted in 1938 to Wing Commander. [LondonGazette |issue=34566|date=1 November 1938 |startpage=6821 |endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] After five years service he returned to Britain in 1939. On the outbreak of the Second World War Embry was Commanding Officer of No 107 Squadron flying the Bristol Blenheim bomber.

econd World War

The energetic Embry led his squadron from the front, and he saw extensive action during the campaigns in Norway and France, often in the face of heavy losses and overwhelming opposition. In April May 1940 Embry was awarded a second DSO [LondonGazette |issue=34840|date=30 April 1940 |startpage=2555|endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27 Includes wording of official citation] and a third award was announced in August 1940. [LondonGazette |issue=34927|date=20 August 1940 |startpage=5091|endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27 Includes wording of official citation] On 26 May 1940, Wing Commander Embry was shot down by anti-aircraft fire over St Omer during a low level bombing mission. Although captured by the German Army, undaunted he succeeded in escaping and was on the run for two months in occupied France before eventually getting back to England via Spain and Gibraltar. His adventures while on the run are detailed in the book "Wingless Victory" by Anthony Richardson and originally published in 1950. [See Publications section]

After two months sick leave Embry was posted to No. 6 Group as Senior Air Staff Officer in the rank of Group Captain. After only three weeks he was offered command of a night-fighter wing in Fighter Command, which was accepted, although he reverted to the rank of Wing Commander. The wing disbanded in December 1940 and Embry became AOC RAF Wittering returning to the rank of Group Captain in March 1941. [LondonGazette |issue=35102|date=11 March 1941 |startpage=1448|endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] Embry kept his hand in operationally by flying radar equipped night-fighters with No. 25 squadron. In July 1941 Embry was given the ceremonial title of an Air Aide-de-Camp to the King. [LondonGazette |issue=35217|date=11 July 1941 |startpage=3996|endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] and was Mentioned in Despatches in September. [LondonGazette |issue=35284|date=24 September 1941 |startpage=5569|endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27]

In October 1941 he was seconded to the Desert Air Force as an adviser and saw action in the Desert War.

Embry returned to Britain in March 1942 and served as AOC Wittering again and as AOC 10 Group, Fighter Command. In June he was again Mentioned in Despatches [LondonGazette |issue=35586|date=5 June 1942 |startpage=2517|endpage= |supp= |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] but he was passed over as the prime candidate for leading Bomber Command's newly formed Pathfinder Force in July 1942 before being given command of No 2 Group Bomber Command, which was about to join the 2nd Tactical Air Force, in June 1943. Although he was now an Air Vice Marshal, Embry continued to fly on operations where possible, piloting each type of light bomber in his command to ascertain the strengths and weaknesses of the tools available to his aircrews. He usually flew as a 'wingman' in a formation, flying under the name of "Wing Commander Smith". This hands-on approach ensured Embry was worshipped by the men under his command, although his frank utterly honest criticisms made few friends within the Air Ministry.

He pushed fervently for 2 Group's re-equipment with the Mosquito FB VI, which became the highly potent workhorse of the Group by 1944. By October 1943 Embry's efforts had made 2 Group a highly effective weapon, with bombing accuracy and serviceability among the best in the Allied Air Forces. The group's contribution to the war effort, such as the bombing of V-1 launch sites in France and the anti-transportation offensive prior to D-Day was arguably decisive. In December 1944 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. [LondonGazette |issue=36866|date=29 December 1944 |startpage=4|endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27]

Embry's Mosquitoes also undertook specialist precision bombing operations such as the attack on Amiens jail, and in 1945 on Gestapo headquarters in Aarhus, Copenhagen and Odense. For "...(pressing) home his attacks with a skill and gallantry in keeping with his outstanding reputation.." in the latter three operations he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. [LondonGazette |issue=37142|date=19 June 1945 |startpage=3271|endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27 Includes wording of official citation] He was also honoured after the war by the Danish Government for his part in these operations, being awarded the Order of Dannebrog, Commander 1st Class. [LondonGazette |issue=37878|date=7 February 1947 |startpage=702|endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] On 20 July 1945 he was awarded a third bar to his DSO. [LondonGazette |issue=37187|date=17 July 1945 |startpage=3781 |supp=yes |accessdate=2008-04-27] Other nations to honour Embry included the Netherlands (Order of Orange Nassau, Grand Officer [LondonGazette |issue=38125|date=18 November 1947 |startpage=5423|endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] ) and France (Croix de Guerre, Légion d'honneur, Croix de Commandeur)

Post-war career and later life

Shortly after the end of the war Embry was knighted, with his appointment as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE). [LondonGazette |issue=37161 |date=5 July 1945 |startpage=3489 |endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] He was later to receive further knighthoods with higher precedence, in 1952 he was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) [LondonGazette |issue=39732|date=30 December 1952 |startpage=3|endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27] and in 1956 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB). [LondonGazette |issue=40669|date=2 January 1956 |startpage=3 |endpage= |supp=yes |accessdaymonth= |accessdate=2008-04-27]

After the war Embry was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Allied Air Forces Central Europe. He was Commander-in-Chief Fighter Command from 1949 to 1953. His outspoken criticism of the NATO chain of command and organisation framework ensured however that he was retired early from the Royal Air Force in 1956.

In March 1956, accompanied by his wife Hope, he emigrated to Western Australia and began a new life as a sheep farmer.

Basil Embry died in Boyup Brook, Western Australia in 1977.

"He was both charming and rude, prejudiced and broad-minded, pliable and obstinate, dedicated and human." (Group Captain Peter Wykeham, No 2 Group 1944-45)

On 19 April 2007 Spink auctioned the remarkable and unique medal group of Air Chief Marshal Sir Basil Embry, selling for £155,350 to Michael Naxton, an agent. [ [http://detecting.merseyblogs.co.uk/2007/04/medals_of_unrem.html Medals of Unremitting R.A.F. Hero go under the hammer] ]

Publications

*cite book| first=Anthony| last=Richardson| coauthors=Embry, Sir Basil| title=Wingless victory : the story of Sir Basil Embry's escape from occupied France in the summer of 1940| publisher=Shire Publications| location=Aylesbury| date=1973| origdate=1950| isbn=0705700089
*cite book|first=Sir Basil| last=Embry| title=Mission Completed| publisher=White Lion Publications| location=London| date=1976| origdate=1957| isbn=0727402609

External links

* [http://detecting.merseyblogs.co.uk/2007/04/medals_of_unrem.html Medals of Unremitting R.A.F. Hero go under the hammer]

References

*cite web| first=Lenore| last=Layman| title=Embry, Sir Basil Edward | work=Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 14, online edition| url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A140112b.htm| accessdate=2008-04-28|publisher=Melbourne University Press| date=1996
* [http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Embry.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Air Chief Marshal Embry]
*cite web|first=Peter|last=Wykeham|title=‘Embry, Sir Basil Edward (1902–1977)’|editor=(rev.)|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31077|accessdate=2008-04-14|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31077|format=subscription required

Footnotes and citations

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