Common European Home

Common European Home

The "Common European Home" was a concept created and espoused by former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev.

The concept has some antecedents in Brezhnev's foreign policy, who used the phrase during a visit to Bonn in 1981. However, at this time it was likely used in an attempt to sow discord between the United States and the European allies in the hopes of moderating American policy.[1] Though Gorbachev used a similar phrase in a 1985 statement, calling the Old World "our common house,"[2] perhaps the most famous use of the term arose when with Gorbachev presented his concept of "our common European home" or the "all-European house" during a visit to Czechoslovakia in April 1987. In his main address in Prague he declared:

We assign an overriding significance to the European course of our foreign policy.... We are resolutely against the division of the continent into military blocs facing each other, against the accumulation of military arsenals in Europe, against everything that is the source of the threat of war. In the spirit of the new thinking we introduced the idea of the "all-European house"... [which] signifies, above all, the acknowledgment of a certain integral whole, although the states in question belong to different social systems and are members of opposing military-political blocs standing against each other. This term includes both current problems and real possibilities for their solution.[3]

At the time, Eastern European analysts viewed this rhetoric as a way for Gorbachev to prevent an outright revolt of Eastern European countries from the Soviet bloc.[3] Jim Hoagland wrote that Gorbachev's "Common European Home" and Bush's "Europe Whole and Free" were competing concepts describing the same situation: an economic and ideological collapse of Soviet power concurrent with the European Community gaining new dynamism and economic clout.[4]

On June 12, 1989 Gorbachev arrived in Bonn, and held private talks with Chancellor Helmut Kohl and President Richard von Weizsäcker. The following day, Kohl and Gorbachev signed a joint declaration supporting national self-determination, mutual reduction in nuclear and conventional forces, and a "Common European Home" in which Canada and the United States have a role. He also stated that by appropriating Charles de Gaulle's "Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals" geographical definition, Gorbachev was attempting to keep the Soviet Union presence prescribed.[5]

In his July 6, 1989 speech before the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, Gorbachev declared:

The philosophy of the "Common European Home" concept rules out the probability of an armed clash and the very possibility of the use of force or threat of force – alliance against alliance, inside the alliances, wherever. This philosophy suggests that a doctrine of restraint should take the place of the doctrine of deterrence. This is not just a play on words but the logic of European development prompted by life itself.[4][6]

On November 29, 1989, Gorbachev, en route to the upcoming Malta summit with President George H.W. Bush, arrived in Italy. He gave a speech the next day at the Rome city hall in which he sketched out the notion of the "Common European Home" as a commonwealth of sovereign and economically interdependent nations. He then also proposed a 1990 meeting of CSCE, and met with Pope John Paul II at the Vatican the following day.[5]

At the time, analysts such as Robert D. Hormats saw the nascent European Community as primely positioned to take on the role of a Common European Home due to its "moral, political and social – as well as economic – strength."[7] Ronald D. Asmus noted that "Gorbachev's vision of a Common European Home was predicated on the belief that reform in Eastern Europe could be controlled and that reformist communist parties would continue to play an important role in their countries' politics, including in the G.D.R."[8] Finally, Coit D. Blacker wrote that Soviet leadership "appeared to have believed that whatever loss of authority the Soviet Union might suffer in Eastern Europe would be more than offset by a net increase in its influence in western Europe."[9]

References

  1. ^ Neil Malcolm. "The 'Common European Home' and Soviet European Policy." International Affairs. 65(4) 1989. p. 662
  2. ^ Christian Schmidt-Häuer. Gorbachev: The Path to Power. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 144
  3. ^ a b Milan Svec. "The Prague Spring: 20 Years Later." Foreign Affairs. Summer 1988.
  4. ^ a b Jim Hoagland. "Europe's Destiny." Foreign Affairs. 1989/1990.
  5. ^ a b "Chronology 1989; East-West Relations." Foreign Affairs. Fall 1989-1990. pp. 230
  6. ^ "Address given by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe". Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe. 1989-07-06. http://www.ena.lu/?doc=11160. Retrieved 2007-02-11. 
  7. ^ Robert D. Hormats. "Redefining Europe and the Atlantic Link." Foreign Affairs. Fall 1989.
  8. ^ Ronald D. Asmus. "A United Germany." Foreign Affairs. Spring 1990.
  9. ^ Coit D. Blacker. "The Collapse of Soviet Power in Europe." Foreign Affairs. 1990.

See also

  • "New world order (politics)": a slogan used by Gorbachev and Bush to describe the nature of the post-Cold War international system.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Common European Framework of Reference for Languages — The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment[1], abbreviated as CEFR, is a guideline used to describe achievements of learners of foreign languages across Europe and, increasingly, in other countries… …   Wikipedia

  • European Economic Community — EEC redirects here. For other uses, see EEC (disambiguation). This article is about the multinational organization established in 1957 and became part of the first European Union pillar from 1993 to 2009. For the collective of the three European… …   Wikipedia

  • European Union, Relations with —    In the early days of the Cold War, the United States encouraged its allies on the Continent to enter into an economic cooperation regime in an effort to prevent a future Franco German war; Washington used its Marshall Plan funds and created… …   Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation

  • European Union acronyms, jargon and working practices — European Union (EU) acronyms and jargon is a terminology set that has developed as a form of shorthand, to quickly express a (formal) EU process, an (informal) institutional working practice, or an EU body, function or decision, and which is… …   Wikipedia

  • European Union — 1. an association of European nations formed in 1993 for the purpose of achieving political and economic integration. Formerly known as the European Economic Community, the European Union s member states are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,… …   Universalium

  • Home front during World War II — U.S. Government Publicity photo of American machine tool worker in Texas. The home front covers the activities of the civilians in a nation at war. World War II was a total war; homeland production became even more invaluable to both the Allied… …   Wikipedia

  • European Security and Defence Policy — The European Security and Defence Policy or ESDP is a major element of the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar of the European Union (EU). The ESDP is the successor of the European Security and Defence Identity under NATO, but differs in… …   Wikipedia

  • EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, THE — The Beginning of the European Economic Community After World War II, Europe was suffering from the wide destruction caused by the war and the deep separation between two different camps: one which had struggled for freedom and the other which had …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Home computer — A home computer was a class of personal computer entering the market in 1977 and becoming common during the 1980s. [ [http://www.homecomputer.de/ Home of the home computer] website] They were marketed to consumers as accessible personal computers …   Wikipedia

  • Home remedy — A home remedy is a treatment to cure a disease or ailment that employs certain spices, vegetables, or other common items. Home remedies may or may not have medicinal properties that treat or cure the disease or ailment in question, as they are… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”