Gadsby's Tavern Museum

Infobox_nrhp | name =Gadsby's Tavern
nrhp_type = nhl


caption =
location= 128 N. Royal St., Alexandria, Virginia
lat_degrees = 38
lat_minutes = 48
lat_seconds = 20
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 77
long_minutes = 2
long_seconds = 38
long_direction = W
locmapin = Virginia
area =
built =1752
architect= Unknown
architecture= No Style Listed
designated= November 04, 1963cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=692&ResourceType=Building
title=Gadsby's Tavern |accessdate=2008-04-12|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service]
added = October 15, 1966cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2007-01-23|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]
governing_body = Local
refnum=66000913

Gadsby's Tavern is a building in Old Town Alexandria, Virginia, and is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. Currently it is operated as Gadsby's Tavern Museum, a cultural history museum The original tavern was a central part of the social, economic, political, and educational life of the city of Alexandria, and the United States. Today the Tavern houses exhibits of early American life in Virginia and a restaurant in the original dining room, serving a mixture of period and modern foods.

Tavern history

Gadsby's Tavern consists of two buildings: one is the tavern built around 1785, and the other is the 1792 City Hotel. John Gadsby leased and operated them from 1796 to 1808, and it is his name attached to the location.

Early history

Gadsby's Tavern was not the first tavern in its location. Between 1749 and 1752, Charles and Anne Mason had begun a tavern business they called Mason's Ordinary on the lot. In the 1770s, Mary Hawkins opened a tavern on the lot now occupied by the Gadsby's buildings. The original lot where Hawkin's tavern sat extended from the southwest corner of Royal and Cameron streets to about mid-block on both streets. [http://oha.alexandriava.gov/gadsby/gt-newdate.html New Date for Tavern Building Construction] ] In 1778, the plot was subdivided, and Edward Owens purchased the lot on the corner of the two streets. [http://oha.alexandriava.gov/gadsby/gt-newdate.html New Date for Tavern Building Construction] ] With the end of the Revolutionary War, and the booming economy that followed, Marylander John Wise purchased the plot in 1782 from Owens, and built the existing Georgian-style tavern ca. 1785, and the Federal City Tavern in 1792. [http://oha.alexandriava.gov/gadsby/gt-newdate.html New Date for Tavern Building Construction] ] Englishman Gadsby leased the City Tavern, the most prominent tavern in Alexandria in 1796. He renewed the lease in 1802 to include the smaller 1780s tavern from Wise, and operated both until 1808 when he moved to Maryland. [http://oha.alexandriava.gov/gadsby/gt-newdate.html New Date for Tavern Building Construction] ]

John Wise died in 1815, and with his death the buildings went through different hands, being run as taverns, lawyers' offices, auction houses, and possibly as hospitals during the Civil War.

19th and 20th century

By the turn of the 20th century, Gadsby’s Tavern, renamed the City Hotel and Tavern, no longer operated as a hotel. Once considered one of the finest establishments of its kind in the country, the building had fallen into complete disrepair. The rooms that had been the setting for political dinners, grand balls, and elaborate public affairs were relegated to housing odd shops. [http://oha.ci.alexandria.va.us/gadsby/gt-ballroom-nyc.html Gadsby's Ballroom in New York City] ] On May 21, 1917, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City took away some of Alexandria’s most important pieces of history. [http://oha.ci.alexandria.va.us/gadsby/gt-ballroom-nyc.html Gadsby's Ballroom in New York City] ] In doing so, they inadvertently preserved the historic ballroom when it was moved to New York.

The Museum negotiated with the owners of Gadsby’s Tavern to purchase architectural elements from the hotel. The Met purchased the unique musicians gallery, cornice, door frames, and mantelpieces from the ballroom. Two mantelpieces from the City Hotel dining rooms and the exterior doorway were also sold. [http://oha.ci.alexandria.va.us/gadsby/gt-ballroom-nyc.html Gadsby's Ballroom in New York City] ] On November 11, 1924, the American Wing of The Metropolitan Museum of Art — featuring the permanent installation of the recreated Gadsby’s Tavern Ballroom with original woodwork (now named the "Alexandria Ballroom") — opened to the public [http://oha.ci.alexandria.va.us/gadsby/gt-ballroom-nyc.html Gadsby's Ballroom in New York City] ]

Famous guests

George Washington frequently visited the taverns, and twice attended the annual Birthnight Ball held in his honor. Other prominent customers of the tavern included John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. Thomas Jefferson was feted in 1801 with a banquet in the ballroom of the City Tavern. President Andrew Jackson spent the first night of his presidency at the tavern; he sneaked out through a window of the White House and walked the six miles to Alexandria to avoid a particularly raucous inaugural party. The Marquis de La Fayette was also guest to festivities at the City Tavern during his tour of the United States in 1824.

The Tavern as a museum

Threatened with demolition in the early-20th century, the buildings were saved and preserved by efforts first undertaken by F. Clinton Knight and carried on by the American Legion, Post 24, located a few blocks from the buildings, along with other "patriotic groups." [ [http://www.connectionnewspapers.com/article.asp?article=299405&paper=59&cat=131 Clinton Knight and George Washington] ] The buildings were reopened in 1976, after extensive renovation, by the City of Alexandria as a museum dedicated to preserving and interpreting the social and cultural heritage of Alexandria by teaching the public about the site and its significant contributions. [ [http://oha.alexandriava.gov/gadsby/gt-mission.html Gadsby's Tavern Museum Mission Statement] ] Clint Knight, a former city councilman, postmaster, and commander of Post 24 mortgaged his home to help purchase the Tavern. The renovators reproduced on the second floor of the Tavern the woodwork of the ballroom that the Metropolitan Museum of Art had earlier acquired.

It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963.citation|title=PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/66000913.pdf National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Gadsby's Tavern] |32 KB|date=February 10, 1975 |author=Stephen Lissandrello |publisher=National Park Service and PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/66000913.pdf "Accompanying three photos, exterior, from 1969 and undated"] |32 KB]

The Tavern Museum today

Today, the City of Alexandria continues their preservation and interpretation through Gadsby's Tavern Museum and by leasing the restaurant space, in the hotel building, to a private restaurateur. However, nothing on the premises informs visitors that they can see the original woodwork of the Tavern's historic ballroom while in New York, although it is noted on the museum's website and during daily guided tours.

The museum offers daily tours for individuals and families, and group tours by appointment. Tours are not free, due to ongoing cost associated with maintaining and operating the museum.

The museum is part of the American Whiskey Trail, which provides an educational journey into the history and cultural heritage of distilled spirits in American society.

ee also

* Thirteen Colonies
* American Revolution
* Founding Fathers
* Mount Vernon
* Monticello

References

External links

* [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.va0163 Mason's Ordinary (Coffee House), 128 North Royal Street, Alexandria, Independent City, VA: 14 photos, 7 drawings, 5 data pages] , at Historic American Building Survey
* [http://oha.ci.alexandria.va.us/gadsby/ Gadsby’s Tavern Museum] , official site
* [http://www.gadsbystavernrestaurant.com/ Gadsby's Tavern Restaurant]
* [http://oha.alexandriava.gov/gadsby/gt-tours-intro.html Tourist overview]
* [http://amlegionpost24.home.comcast.net/ The American Legion Post 24, Alexandria, VA]
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=knight&GSfn=ferdinand&GSmn=clinton&GSbyrel=in&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&GRid=10669449& Clinton Knight Biography]