John Crocker

Infobox Military Person
name=John Tredinnick Crocker


caption=Crocker in France, August 1944, as I Corps commander.
born=4 January, 1896
died=9 March, 1963
placeofbirth=
placeofdeath=
nickname=
allegiance=United Kingdom
branch=British Army
serviceyears=1915-1953
rank=General
unit=Artists' Rifles, Machine Gun Corps, Middlesex Regiment, Royal Tank Corps
commands=3rd Armoured Brigade
6th Armoured Division
IX Corps
I Corps
battles=World War I
World War II
*Battle of France
*Tunisia Campaign
*Normandy Campaign
*Battle of the Scheldt
awards=Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Order
Military Cross
relations=
laterwork=Vice-Chairman of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission
Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex

:"There is also John Crocker (jazz musician)."

General Sir John Tredinnick Crocker GCB, KBE, DSO, MC (4 January 1896 – 9 March 1963) was a British Army officer and corps commander during World War II.

World War I

Upon the outbreak of the First World War Crocker enlisted as a private in the Artists' Rifles, a training corps for officers, before joining the Machine Gun Corps (MGC) as an officer. He had a distinguished career in the war and won both the Distinguished Service Order and Military Cross with 174th Machine Gun Company of 59th Division in France.

Between the Wars

After the armistice, Crocker left the army to train as a solicitor. However, he did not enjoy his new profession and decided to return to soldiering. After a short period as an infantry officer in the Middlesex Regiment, Crocker specialised in the then new field of armoured warfare and joined the Royal Tank Corps in 1923. He held a number of both field and ataff posts including Brigade Major to Percy Hobart and GSO1 to Alan Brooke when the latter was commanding the Mobile Division. By the time the Second World War began he was GSO1 Staff Officer in Southern Command.

World War II

In April 1940 he was appointed to command of 3rd Armoured Brigade in the 1st Armoured Division in France. Crocker's brigade, like much of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), was virtually destroyed in the Battle of France in 1940. Landed at Cherbourg as the rest of the BEF retreated to Dunkirk, 1st Armoured Division unsuccessfully attacked the German bridgeheads over the River Somme before returning to Cherbourg where the remnants (including the brigade's last 13 tanks) were evacuated.

Back in Britain, Crocker was given command of the new 6th Armoured Division, and then in September 1942 of IX Corps, before again being sent overseas in 1943, this time to Tunisia. Crocker showed impatience at Fondouk Pass on 8 April 1943 when his attempt to push 6th Armoured and 34th US Infantry Division though a gap ran onto hastily-prepared German defences. He was wounded in a training accident, whilst demonstrating the use of a PIAT weapon, shortly after his arrival and saw no further action in North Africa. He did, however, create something of a controversy when he criticised the performance of American troops to the press.

On his return to service in August 1943 he was given command of I Corps, part of Miles Dempsey's Second Army, training for Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of France. Despite Crocker's background in armoured warfare, I Corps was predominantly an infantry formation, but General (later Field Marshal) Montgomery, commanding 21st Army Group, had confidence in his organisational skills and assigned I Corps the difficult task of capturing Caen. On D-Day Crocker had a larger task than any other corps commander: he had to control two landing beaches (Juno and Sword) and an airborne assault. The fact that in spite of inevitable mishaps the landings went so well was a testimony to Crocker's planning.

However, Caen did not fall on D-Day as planned, and Crocker's corps took part in the bloody two-month Battle for Caen, including Operation Charnwood. Coming under command of Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army in August 1944, I Corps drove to the Seine and then took part in the unglamorous mopping up operations along the French and Belgian coastline. When the final German surrender came in May 1945, I Corps was still on the south bank of the River Maas facing the German 25th Army. Crocker's secondary role in the later months of the war was not due to any loss of confidence in him by Montgomery, but more to the fact that his only son, Wilfred Crocker, a tank officer in the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, had been killed on 20 October 1944 fighting in Holland.

Later life

After the war he held a number of commands, culminating in Adjutant-General to the Forces, before retiring in 1953. In 1949 Montgomery selected Crocker to be his successor as Chief of the Imperial General Staff, but the prime minister, Clement Attlee, appointed the better-known Sir William Slim. Crocker's most important postwar contribution was to write the training manuals that laid down the British Army's doctrine of armoured warfare through the years of the Cold War

After retiring he became Vice-Chairman of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex.

References

*"Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War", Nick Smart. ISBN 1-84415-049-6.
*"Crusade in Europe", Dwight D. Eisenhower. ISBN 0-8018-5668-X
*"D-Day 1944", Ken Ford. ISBN 1-84176-368-3.
*cite journal
last = Delany
first = Douglas
title = A Quiet Man of Influence: General Sir John Crocker
journal = Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
volume = 85
pages = 185–207
date = Autumn 2007
year = 2007