Paysandisia archon

Paysandisia archon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Castniidae
Genus:	Paysandisia Houlbert, 1912
Species:	P. archon
Binomial name
Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880)
Synonyms
Castnia archon Burmeister, 1879 Castnia josepha Oberthür, 1914

Paysandisia archon is a moth of the family Castniidae. It is native to Uruguay and central Argentina and has been accidentally introduced to Europe, where it is spreading rapidly. It is considered the only member of the genus Paysandisia.

Larvae

Cocoon

Pupa

This is a very large, impressive moth with a wingspan of 90–110 mm. The forewings are dark green with brown streaking, the hindwings are bright red with bold black and white markings. The females, generally larger than the males, are easily recognized by the prominent ovipositor. Like other castniids, this species flies by day and has clubbed antennae and is easily mistaken for a butterfly. The adults fly from June to September.

The larva is whitish and maggot-like and feeds in the stems and trunks of palms(see list below for recorded food plants). In its natural range, the damage done by the larvae is unobtrusive and the species is not considered a pest but the species is causing increasing concern in Europe because of the sometimes fatal damage being caused to native and exotic palms. Since arriving in the south of France in the mid-1990s (probably in mature specimens of Trithrinax from Argentina), it has spread along the Mediterranean coast to parts of Spain and Italy and it is feared that without effective control, it could spread to areas where palms grow throughout the region. One has also been reported from England, in West Sussex in 2002 and one record in 2006 from The Netherlands, in Zoetermeer Province Zuid-Holland. The species pupates in a cocoon incorporating palm fibres within the larval gallery.

Recorded food plants

Natural range

• Syagrus yatay
• Chamaerops
• Latania
• Livistona chinensis
• Phoenix canariensis
• Syagrus romanzoffiana
• Trithrinax campestris

Introduced range

• Chamaerops
• Livistona spp., including:

• L. chinensis
• L. decipiens
• L. saribus

• Phoenix spp., including:

• P. canariensis
• P. dactylifera
• P. reclinata

• Sabal
• Trachycarpus fortunei
• Trithrinax campestris
• Washingtonia spp., including:

• W. filifera

References

• Palm Threat?
• EPPO Quarantine Alert: Paysandisia archon
• http://www.lepido-france.fr/pdf/BLP_n_22_merit_paysandisia_archon.pdf