Prince Arthur of Connaught

Infobox British Royalty|royal
name =Prince Arthur
title =Prince Arthur of Connaught


caption =Prince Arthur in the robes of the Order of the Garter
spouse =Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife
issue =Prince Alastair, Duke of Connaught
full name =Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert
titles ="HRH" Prince Arthur of Connaught
royal house =House of Windsor
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
father =Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught
mother =Princess Louise Margaret, Duchess of Connaught
date of birth =birth date|1883|1|13|df=y
place of birth =Windsor Castle, Berkshire
date of christening =16 February 1883
place of christening =St George's Chapel, Windsor
date of death =death date and age|1938|9|12|1883|1|13|df=y
occupation =Governor-General of South Africa; Military|

Prince Arthur of Connaught (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert; 13 January 1883 - 12 September 1938) was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandson of Queen Victoria. Prince Arthur held the title of a British prince with the style "His Royal Highness". He also served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa from 20 November 1920 to 3 December 1923.

Early life

Prince Arthur was born on 13 January 1883 at Windsor Castle. His father was Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. His mother was Princess Luise Margarete of Prussia. The Prince was baptised in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle on 16 February 1883 and his godparents were: Queen Victoria, the German Empress, Princess Henry of the Netherlands, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke of Edinburgh and Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia.

Prince Arthur was the first royal prince to be educated at Eton College.

Army

After attending finishing schoolFact|date=March 2007, Prince Arthur was educated at the Royal Military College Sandhurst and commissioned into the 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars. During the Second Boer War, he saw active duty with the 7th Hussars and spent several months stationed at Krugersdorp. In 1907, he was promoted to the rank of captain in the 2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys). He became the honorary Colonel-in-Chief of this regiment in 1920.

During World War I, Prince Arthur served as aide-de-camp to Generals Sir John French and Sir Douglas Haig, the successive commanders of the British Expeditionary Force in France and Belgium. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1919 and became a colonel in the reserves in 1922. In October 1922, Prince Arthur was promoted to the honorary rank of major general and became an aide-de-camp to his first cousin, King George V.

Since George V's children were too young to undertake public duties until after World War I, Prince Arthur attended a variety of ceremonial duties at home and abroad.

Marriage

On 12 October 1913, Prince Arthur married Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife (7 May 1891 - 26 February 1959) at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, London. Princess Alexandra was the eldest daughter of Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife and Princess Louise, the Princess Royal, the eldest daughter of King Edward VII. As such, the couple were first cousins once removed. Princess Alexandra held the title of Duchess of Fife in her own right.

After their marriage, Arthur and Alexandra were styled, " Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Arthur of Connaught".

Together they had one child:
* Prince Alastair of Connaught, later styled Earl of McDuff and 2nd Duke of Connaught, (9 August 1914 - 26 April 1943).

Later life

After the accession of his cousin, King George V, Prince Arthur was the most senior male member of the Royal Family over the age of 18 to reside in the United Kingdom. As such, he undertook a wide variety of royal duties on behalf of the King, and acted as a Counsellor of State during periods of the King's absence abroad. In 1920, Prince Arthur succeeded Viscount Buxton as governor-general and commander-in-chief in South Africa. The Earl of Athlone succeeded him in these posts in 1923. Upon returning to Britain, Prince Arthur became involved in a number of charitable organizations, including serving as chairman of the board of directors of Middlesex Hospital. Like his father, the Duke of Connaught, he was active in the Freemasons, becoming Provincial Grand Master for Berkshire in 1924.

Prince Arthur of Connaught died of stomach cancer at age 55. One of his last public appearances was at the coronation of King George VI in May 1937. His father, the Duke of Connaught, survived him by four years. Prince Arthur's only son, who used the courtesy title Earl of MacDuff after 1917, succeeded his paternal grandfather as 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex in 1942.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

*13 January 1883–12 September 1938: "His Royal Highness" Prince Arthur of Connaught

Honours

*KG: Royal Knight of the Garter (15 July 1902)
*KT: Knight of the Thistle (14 October 1913)
*KP: Knight of St. Patrick
*PC: Privy Counsellor (11 June 1910)
*CB: Companion in the Order of the Bath (18 February 1915)
* Royal Victorian Chain (15 May 1906) - for travelling to Japan and investing Emperor Meiji with the Order of the Garter.
*GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George (3 September 1918)
*GCVO: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (24 May 1899)
*GCStJ: Bailiff Grand Cross of St John
* Knight Grand Cross with Collar of St. Olav

Military record

*2Lt: 2nd Lieutenant, 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars (8 May 1901)
*Lt: Lieutenant, 7th (Queen's Own) Hussars (14 January 1903)
*Capt: Captain, 2nd Dragoons (The Royal Scots Greys) (27 April 1907)
*Bvt Maj: Brevet Major, 2nd Dragoons (The Royal Scots Greys) (14 October 1913)
*Maj: Major, 2nd Dragoons (The Royal Scots Greys) (19 August 1915)
*Bvt LtCol: Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, 2nd Dragoons (The Royal Scots Greys) (3 June 1919)
* "Retired from active service (1 March 1922)"

Honorary military appointments

*Colonel-in-Chief: The Royal Scots Greys (2nd Dragoons)
*Colonel-in-Chief: Royal Army Pay Corps

Arms

As a male-line grandchild of a British Sovereign, Prince Arthur was awarded, for his twenty-first birthday, the use of the royal arms, with an inescutcheon of the shield of Saxony, and differenced by a label argent, of five points, the outer pair and central point bearing crosses gules, and the inner pair fleur-de-lys azure. In 1917, the inescutcheon was dropped by royal warrant from George V. [ [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm Heraldica – British Royalty Cadency] ]

Ancestry

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1= 1. Prince Arthur of Connaught
2= 2. Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
3= 3. Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
4= 4. Albert, Prince Consort
5= 5. Victoria of the United Kingdom
6= 6. Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia
7= 7. Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt
8= 8. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
9= 9. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
10= 10. Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
11= 11. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
12= 12. Prince Charles of Prussia
13= 13. Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar
14= 14. Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt
15= 15. Princess Frederica of Prussia
16= 16. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
17= 17. Princess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
18= 18. Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
19= 19. Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
20= 20. George III of the United Kingdom
21= 21. Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
22= 22. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (= 16)
23= 23. Princess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf (= 17)
24= 24. Frederick William III of Prussia
25= 25. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
26= 26. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
27= 27. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia
28= 28. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
29= 29. Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Homburg
30= 30. Prince Louis Charles of Prussia
31= 31. Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

References

External links

* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6137364 Arthur of Connaught] on Find-A-Grave