11th Pennsylvania Infantry

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name= 11th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment


caption=
dates= April 26, 1861 - July 1, 1865
country=United States
allegiance= Union
branch=United States Army
type= Infantry regiment
role=
size=
command_structure=Army of the Potomac
current_commander=
garrison=
ceremonial_chief=
colonel_of_the_regiment=
nickname= "The Bloody Eleventh"
patron=
motto=
colors=
march=
mascot=Sallie (dog)
battles= Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Gettysburg Siege of Petersburg Appomattox Campaign
notable_commanders= Richard Coulter
anniversaries=

The 11th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment was a Union army regiment that participated in the American Civil War. It had the distinction of being the oldest unit in continuous service from Pennsylvania.

History

The 11th Pennsylvania was recruited in Latrobe as a three-month regiment on April 26, 1861, and sent to Camp Curtin, Harrisburg for training and organization. Phaon Jarrett served as its first colonel, with Richard Coulter as lieutenant colonel and William D. Earnest as major. It was assigned to Robert Patterson's Army of the Shenandoah. The regiment received the nickname "The Bloody Eleventh" at the Battle of Falling Waters, Virginia, July 21, 1861.

The 11th was reorganized as a three-year regiment in the August of the same year at Camp Curtin in Harrisburg. After a few weeks of drill, the regiment was given garrison duty at Annapolis, Maryland. In April, it was moved to Mannassas Junction, where it guarded the railroad. It was again transferred, this time to the Shenandoah Valley, in late May as part of Irvin McDowell's Corps. They fought in the Battles of Cedar Mountain and Second Bull Run.

After the Army of Virginia was merged into the Army of the Potomac, the reconstituted regiment became part of the I Corps. At Turner's Gap at the Battle of South Mountain,the 11th came under light fire only, losing two men wounded. At the Battle of Antietam three days later, it was heavily engaged on the Union left around the West Woods. In this battle, it lost 27 killed, 89 wounded, and two captured.

When the original three-year enlistment period expired in January 1864, many of the men reenrolled in the regiment at the influence of Brig. Gen. Richard Coulter, a former colonel of the regiment. Because of this, the unit was designated "veteran volunteers." During the reorganization of the Army in the spring of 1864, the 11th became part of the V Corps.

The 11th fought in multiple battles in the Eastern Theater, including Second Bull Run, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Grant's Overland Campaign, the Siege of Petersburg, and the Appomattox Campaign. It was mustered out on July 1, 1865.

A total of 1,890 men served in the regiment during the war, and only 340 men were discharged at war's end.

Among the numerous casualties was one that would stand out as an undying remembrance of the unit and its loyalty to the cause. The regiment's beloved mascot, a brindle bull terrier named [http://www.11thpvi.org/Sallie.htm "Sallie,"] traveled everywhere with the unit. She was said to have hated three things—Rebels, Democrats, and Women. Her loyalty was undying, for at Gettysburg, after the battle on the First Day was over, Sallie, tired and hungry, ambled out to where her brave comrades had fought and died. She lay down with the dead, until she was found, weak and close to death herself, on July 4, 1863. Her friends nursed her back to health, and she fought with the unit in every battle until she was mortally wounded at Hatcher's Run in February 1865. The men gave her a proper burial, never forgetting the most devoted member of their regiment. Her likeness is forever memorialized on the [http://users.snip.net/~hart/page12.html 11th Pennsylvania monument] on Oak Ridge in the Gettysburg National Military Park.

Casualties

* Killed and mortally wounded: 12 officers, 224 enlisted men
* Wounded: ? officers, ? enlisted men
* Died of disease: 4 officers, 177 enlisted men
* Captured or missing: ? officers, ? enlisted men
* Total casualties: ? officers, ? enlisted men

William Henry Locke, the regimental chaplain, later wrote a history of the 11th Pennsylvania.

Reenactors

Company K, 11th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, is based in southwest Pennsylvania. It includes not only military reenactors but also women and children portraying the families of the soldiers.

ee also

*List of Pennsylvania Civil War Units

References

* [http://www.gettysburgguide.com/ge03814.html The 11th Pennsylvania's unit history from The Unofficial Gettysburg Guide]
*History of the [http://www.pa-roots.com/~pacw/infantry/11th/11thorg.html three month regiment] and the [http://www.pa-roots.com/~pacw/infantry/11th/11thorg3yr.html three year regiment] from the Pennsylvania in the Civil War site
* [http://www.11thpvi.org/ Reenactors of the 11th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry]