Rymanów

Infobox Settlement
name = Rymanów


imagesize = 250px
image_caption = Synagogue in Rymanów
image_shield = POL Rymanów COA.svg
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = bottom
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = POL
subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship
subdivision_name1 = Subcarpathian
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Krosno
subdivision_type3 = Gmina
subdivision_name3 = Rymanów
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Jan Rajchel
established_title = Established
established_date = 14th century
established_title3 = Town rights
established_date3 = 1376
area_total_km2 = 12.39
population_as_of = 2006
population_total = 3564
population_density_km2 = auto
timezone = CET
utc_offset = +1
timezone_DST = CEST
utc_offset_DST = +2
latd = 49 | latm = 34 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 21 | longm = 53 | longs = | longEW = E
postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code = 38-480
area_code = +48 13
blank_name = Car plates
blank_info = RKR
website = http://www.rymanow.pl/ Rymanów [IPA-pl|r|y|'|m|a|n|u|f] is a town of 3608 inhabitants in Poland's Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It is a capital of a separate commune within the powiat of Krosno. It is located in the heartland of the Doły (Pits), and its average altitude is 420 metres above sea level, although there are some hills located within the confines of the city.

History

The town was built by the Duke of Silesia Władysław Opolczyk, the local representative of king Louis I of Hungary. Initially the town was named "Ladisslavia"ref|name, after the founder, and was inhabited primarily by settlers of central Germany ("Reimannshau"), largely overpopulated in late middle ages. In 1376 the town received a city charter based on the Magdeburg Law, which granted the town with a significant level self-government. During the reign of Ladislaus I of Poland the town received the modern name of [http://rymanow.com/ Rymanów] , after the first wójt "Nicolao Reymann". The town was located on the traditional trade routes leading through the Carpathians to Hungary and in 15th and 16th century it received numerous privileges from various Polish monarchs. This created a boost for local economy, mostly centred around the weekly fairs organized there. The period of prosperity ended in 17th century, when this part of Poland was repeatedly pillaged and plundered by the invading armies during the wars against Muscovy, Sweden, Turkey and the Chmielnicki's Uprising.

Throughout the ages, the town's history was interwoven with the fate of several notable Polish szlachta families. In 17th and 18th century the town was a private property of the Stadnicki family. In 1731 Teresa Stadnicka married Józef Kanty Ossoliński and the town passed to the mighty Ossoliński family, notable for their collections of books and pieces of art. The latter started the construction of an exceptional parochial church, finished by his daughter Anna Teresa. The latter in 1794 sold the town to Potocki family, who owned it until 20th century.

The town since 16th century had also a significant Jewish population, a synagogue is already mentioned in 1593, during a criminal trial at the castle court in Sanok.Oswald Balzer, Regestr złoczyńców grodu sanockiego, 1554-1638 (Lwów, 1891), pp. 107-108] The local 17th century "Bejt-ha-kneset" synagogue is one of the exceptional examples of unusual fortified Jewish houses of prayer, used both for religious and military purposes. The local kirkut (established in 16th century) survived the World War II and currently features ca. 800 graves. Among them are tombs of some of the most renown local Jews, including tsadikkim Menachem Mendl, Cwi Hirsch, Józef Friedman and rabbi Israel Schorr. There is also a small military cemetery for Jewish soldiers who perished in the fights for the town in 1914 and 1915.

In 19th century, after the partitions of Poland, the town was annexed by Austria and was made part of the Austrian-ruled Galicia. Initially a part of the Land of Sanok of the Ruthenian Voivodeship, in 1772 it became a part of the Circle of Lesko and in 1864 back to the starostship of Sanok. The town's economy gradually got back on track as it became a local centre of foodstuffs trade for the local peasants. In 1872 the town became the property of Stanisław Potocki and his wife Anna Działyńska, who started to develop a local spa. Much like the nearby town of Iwonicz Zdrój, [http://rymanow.com/ Rymanów] quickly developed into a popular resort for the inhabitants of Lwów. With the beginning of oil industry in nearby Borysław, a new railway was built only half a mile from the city. This further boosted the local development. In 1898 the town had 3704, including 1889 Poles and 1751 Jews. It had a post office, train station, telegraph and a gymnasium. However, after the outbreak of World War I the town was captured by the Russian Empire in September 1914 and severely looted. The spa pavillons were burnt to the ground and the town suffered from several weeks of Russian rule. In 1915 it was again retaken by Austria-Hungary and started to be rebuilt.

After Poland regained her independence in 1918, the town was restored to Poland. However, 20 years afterwards the town was again damaged, this time during the German terror bombings during the Polish Defensive War. After the Polish defeat, a prisoner of war camp was set up in the town's vicinity. Up to 10,000 Soviet prisoners were killed there by the Germans. The camp served also as a transit camp for the local Jewish population, mostly murdered in the German concentration camps.

Notes

# Other early names of the town mentioned in various sources include: "Ladisslaulia", "Laslaw (1413),"Reimannshau", "Rymanów"(1415), "Rimanow" (1423), " [http://rymanow.com/ Rymanów] " (1433) and "Rimanowo" (1485), source Prof. Adam Fastnacht - Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Sredniowieczu, Krakau 2002, ISBN 83-88385-14-3

People

* Józef Kanty Ossoliński
* Isidor Isaac Rabi
* Menachem Mendel of Rimanov, rebbe
* Israel Schorr

See also

* List of Hasidic dynasties
*Rebbe Menachem Mendel of Rimanov
* [http://www.rymanow.pl/ Official website of Rymanow]
* [http://rymanow-zdroj.go.pl/ Website of Rymanow Zdroj]
* [http://rymanow.com/ Rymanów]