Sayfawa dynasty

Sayfawa dynasty

Sayfawa dynasty or more properly Sefuwa dynasty is the name of the kings (or mai, as they called themselves) of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, centered first in Kanem in western Chad, and then, after 1380, in Borno (today north-eastern Nigeria).

Theories on the origins of this dynasty vary. Many scholars assert that it may have been rooted in a Tubu expansion or comprised an indigenous dynasty. Other theories have also been made. The German historian Dierk Lange has argued that the advent of the Sayfawa dynasty came in the 11th century, when Hummay consolidated Islam in Kanem. Lange adds that Hummay's advent represented the ascent of a Berber dynasty over the previous Duguwa Zaghawa one.[1]

In the Islamic period the Sayfawa themselves claimed as their eponymous ancestor the late pre-Islamic Yemenite hero Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan, hence their amended name Sayf-awa. This tradition was first mentioned by the Andalusian scholar Ibn Said in the 13th century, and Lange believes it to be mainly the fruit of the reinterpretation of an indigenous tradition by Muslim scholars who arrived to Kanem from regions where Himyarite traditions were strong.[2] Formerly most historians thought, that the leaders of this new dynasty belonged to the indigenous Kanembu.[3]

According to recent research, Kanem was founded by immigrants from the collapsing Assyrian Empire, claiming descent from Sef (1)/Sargon of Akkad, hence their name Sef-uwa. The Duguwa traced their ancestry in addition to Duku (2), the third figure of the list, and should therefore be properly designated as Sefuwa-Duguwa. From Hummay (12) onward the Sefuwa should more properly be called Sefuwa-Humewa or Sayfawa-Humewa, according to the ancestral figures Sef/Sipa (Sargon of Akkad) - in the Islamic period identified with Sayf b. Dhi Yazan - and the dynastic founder Hume (1068-1080).[4]

The dynasty, one of Africa's longest living, lost the throne in 1846.

Contents

Table of Sefuwa-Duguwa kings in Kanem

Name of the king Earlier dating [5] Historical name and dating [6] Historical identity
(1) Sef c. 700 Sargon of Akkad (2334-2279) Founder of the Akkadian Empire
(2) Ibrahim c. 740 Abraham Legendary Israelite patriarch
(3) Dugu c. 785 Hammurabi (1792-1750) Founder of the Amorite Empire
(4) Fune c. 835 Pûl/Tiglath-pileser III (744-727) Founder of Neo-Assyrian Empire
(5) Arsu c. 893 Rusâ/Ursâ I (730-713) 6th Urartian king
(6) Katur c. 942 Kutir-Nahhunte (1185-1155) 85th Elamite king
(7) Buyuma c. 961 Bunuma-Addu (c. 1770) 1st king of Nihrija/Nairi
(8) Bulu c. 1019 Nabopolassar (626-605) 1st Neo-Babylonian king
(9) Arku c. 1035 Assur-uballit II (612-609) Last king of Assyria
(10) Shu c. 1077 Sammuramat (810-807) Regent during the infancy of Adad-nirari III (810-783)
Unknown ? ?
Kak.r.ah . . Local king c. 870 CE[7]
Unknown ? ?
(11) Abd al-Jalil/Selma c. 1081 First Duguwa king (1064-1068) First Muslim ruler of Kanem

Sayfawa-Humewa kings in Kanem

Hume or Hummay 10681080[8]
Dunama I ibn Hummay 10801133
Bir I or Biri I 11331160
Abdallah I or Bikorom or Dala I 11601176
Salmama I or Abd al-Jalil 11761203
Dunama II Dabbalemi 12031242
Kaday I 12421270
Biri I or Kashim Biri 12701290
Ibrahim I 12901310
Abdallah II 13101328
Salmama II 13281332
Kuri Ghana 13321333
Kuri Kura 13341335
Muhammad I 13341335
Idris I Nigalemi 13351359
Dawud Nigalemi 13591369
Uthman I 13691373
Uthman II 13731375
Abu Bakr Liyatu 13751376
Umar I or Umar ibn Idris 13761381

Sayfawa kings in Bornu

Said 13811382[9]
Kaday II 13821383
Bir III 1383-1415
Uthman III Kaliwama 1415-1415
Dunama III 1415-1417
Abdallah III Dakumuni 1417-1425
Ibrahim II 1425-1433
Kaday III 1433-1434
Ahmad Dunama IV 1434-1438
Muhammad II 1438
Amr 1438-1439
Muhammad III 1439
Ghazi or Ghaji 1439-1444
Uthman IV 1444-1449
Umar II 1449-1450
Muhammad IV 1450-1455
Ali Gazi or Ali Ghajideni 1455-1487
Idris Katarkamabi 1487-1509
Muhammad V Aminami 1509-1538
Ali II of Bornu 1538-1539
Dunama V Ngumarsmma 1539-1557
Dala or Abd Allah 1557-1564
Aissa Kili (legendary)
Idris III Alauma or Idris Alooma 1564-1596[10]
Muhammed VI Bukalmarami 1596-1612
Ibrahim III of Bornu 1612-1619
Umar| (Hadj) 1619-1639
Ali II 1639-1677
Idris IV of Bornu 1677-1696
Dunama VII 1696-1715
Hamdan (Hadj) 1715-1729
Muhammad VII of Bornu 1729-1744
Dunama VIII Gana 1744-1447
Ali III 1747-1792
Ahmad 1792-1808
Dunama IX Lefiami 1808-1816
Muhammad VIII 1816-1820
Ibrahim IV of Bornu 1820-1846
Ali V Dalatumi 1846

See also

References

  1. ^ Lange, Diwan, 95-107.
  2. ^ Levtzion, "The Sahara and the Sudan", 682-683; Lange, "Kingdoms", 238-265.
  3. ^ US Country Studies: Chad
  4. ^ Lange, Founding of Kanem, 27-38.
  5. ^ Urvoy, Empire, 26.
  6. ^ Lange: Founding of Kanem, 13-16.
  7. ^ Levtzion/Hopkins, Corpus, 21.
  8. ^ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 65-77; id., Kingdoms, 552.
  9. ^ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 77-94; id., Kingdoms, 552.
  10. ^ From now on dates follow Lange, Diwan, 80-94.

Bibliography

  • Barkindo, Bawuro (1985). "The early states of the Central Sudan", in: J. Ajayi and M. Crowder (eds.), The History of West Africa, vol. I, 3rd ed. Harlow, 225-254.
  • Barth, Heinrich (1858). "Chronological table, containing a list of the Sefuwa", in: Travel and Discoveries in North and Central Africa. Vol. II, New York, 581-602.
  • Lange, Dierk (1977). Le Dīwān des sultans du Kanem-Bornu. Wiesbaden (has a different chronology from the one given above).
  • ---- (1984). "The kingdoms and peoples of Chad", in: D. T. Niane (ed.), General History of Africa, vol. IV, UNESCO, London 1984, 238-265.
  • ---- (2004): Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa, Dettelbach.
  • ---- (2011): The Founding of Kanem by Assyrian Refugees ca. 600 BCE: Documentary, Linguistic, and Archaeological Evidence, Boston, Working Papers in African Studies N° 265.
  • Lavers, John (1993). "Adventures in the chronology of the states of the Chad Basin". In: D. Barreteau and C. v. Graffenried (eds.), Datations et chronologies dans le Bassin du Lac Chad, Paris, 255-267.
  • Levtzion, Nehemia (1978):"The Saharan and the Sudan from the Arab conquest of the Maghrib to the rise of the Almoravids", in: J. D. Fage (ed.), The Cambridge History of Africa, vol. II, Cambridge 1978, pp. 637-684.
  • Nehemia Levtzion und John Hopkins (1981): Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History, Cambridge.
  • Smith, Abdullahi (1971). The early states of the Central Sudan, in: J. Ajayi and M. Crowder (Hg.), History of West Africa. Vol. I, 1. Ausg., London, 158-183.
  • Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers: An encyclopedia of Native, Colonial and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p395 Pages. ISBN 0-89950-390-X. 
  • Urvoy, Yves (1941). "Chronologie du Bornou", Journal de la Société des Africanistes, 11, 21-31.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Dynasty — A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations. A dynasty is also often called a house , e.g. the House of Saud or House of Habsburg . In the histories of Europe, much of Asia and some of Africa, ruling and… …   Wikipedia

  • Duguwa Dynasty — The Duguwa dynasty is the line of kings (mai) of the Kanem Empire prior to the rise of the Islamic Seyfawa dynasty in 1068. According to the Girgam, the Duguwa kings were the kings of Kanem whose dynastic name is derived from Duku, the third king …   Wikipedia

  • History of Africa — Pre Colonial African States …   Wikipedia

  • Kanem Empire — Infobox Former Country native name = conventional long name = Kanem Empire common name = Kanem Empire continent = Africa region = country = Chad era = Middle Ages status = status text = empire = government type = Monarchy year start = 700 year… …   Wikipedia

  • Bornu Empire — Infobox Former Country native name = conventional long name = Bornu Empire common name = Bornu Empire continent = Africa region = country = Niger era = Middle Ages status = status text = empire = government type = Monarchy year start = 1387 year… …   Wikipedia

  • Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi — Reign October November 1810 – 8 June 1837 Predecessor Dunama IX Lefiami, Sayfawa Successor Umar I ibn Muhammad al Amin Iss …   Wikipedia

  • List of Chadians — This is a list of famous people from Chad.See also: Heads of state of Chad , Sayfawa dynasty NOTOC A;Ibrahim Abatcha: (founder of FROLINAT, died 1968);Abdelwahit About: (rebel insurgent leader);Acyl Ahmat Agbas: (1944 1982), Foreign Minister from …   Wikipedia

  • History of Chad — Chad (Arabic: تشاد ; French: Tchad ), officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest,… …   Wikipedia

  • List of state leaders in 1348 — 1347 state leaders Events of 1348 1349 state leaders State leaders by year Africa*Egypt (Bahri dynasty) Nasir ad Din al Hasan, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (1347 1351) *Ethiopia (Solomonic dynasty) Newaya Krestos, Emperor of Ethiopia (1344 1372) *Kanem …   Wikipedia

  • Muhammad (disambiguation) — Muhammad was a prophet and an Arabic religious and political leader who preached and established Islam. Muhammad (various spellings) may also refer to: Muhammad (name), listing people with the given name or surname Muhammad (various spellings)… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/1717617 Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”