Joseph "The Animal" Barboza

Infobox Person
name=Joseph Barboza

300px|right|thumb
caption= BPD mugshot of Joseph Barboza
birth_date=September 20, 1932
birth_place=New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
death_date=February 11, 1976
death_place=San Francisco, California, USA

Joseph "The Animal" Barboza (September 20, 1932 - February 11, 1976) was an Portuguese-American mafioso and one of the most feared mob hitmen during the 1960s. He is reputed to have murdered at least 26 men in his lifetime.

Background

Barbosa-Barboza, also known as "The Animal, "The Wild Thing", "The Nigger", "Joseph Donati", "Joseph Bentley" and "The Joe Valachi of New England", was born to Portuguese-American emigrants from Lisbon, Portugal who settled in the old whaling city of New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was born on September 30, 1932 the son of a alcoholic two-bit professional boxer and small-time ex-convict and a mother who was a seamstress. He has a close resemblance to actor Joe Spinell when he portrayed "Willie Ci-Ci" in "The Godfather" film series. Joseph's father was a constant womanizer who eventually abandoned his wife and three children when Joe was only twelve. He had one older brother who became a minor criminal in New England and a younger sister. He walked like a silverback gorilla with a growling voice and dominating appearance. He was bull-necked and weighed between 168 to 175 pounds by the time he reached adulthood. Joe was fluent in Portuguese but spoke broken English caused from lack of formal schooling. He had an odd set of incisor teeth that gave him a set of fangs. He was a skilled chef who would cook for his family and members of his crew authentic Portuguese cuisine dishes and later after graduating from cooking class as a sauce, vegetable and roast chef, learned how to cook French cuisine, mostly with wines. He looked as though he had been created by a Warner Bros. animator with a massive brow over a huge chin, ridiculously large shoulders, abnormally long and heavily muscular arms but with legs that were considered by some almost comically short. Joe had swarthy looks and dark brown naturally wavy hair, deep-set eyes and thick lips which were a prominent feature on his oversized head. He was married to a Portuguese-American and woman who fathered a daughter in 1956 and lived in Chelsea, Massachusetts while employed by the Patriarca crime family. Joseph was a profound racist who hated African-Americans and Italians and after joining the Witness Protection Program he is thought by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to have murdered two or three individuals from racist viewpoints. He was a close friend of Joseph W. Amico and Arthur Bratsos who would later both be murdered for trying to avenge his incarceration.

Earning the nickname "The Animal"

He earned the nickname the animal after an altercation at a Revere, Massachusetts club that was patronized by figures of organized crime and Patriarca crime family underboss Henry Tameleo. Barboza was at the nightclub drinking and carrying on when an older Italian patron who did not enjoy Barboza's crude behavior told him so. Barboza approached the man and slapped him hard across the face. Tameleo, who was seated not far away, shouted angrily, "I don't want you to ever slap that man. I don't want you to touch anybody with your hands again." Barboza, now brooding at the bar, suddenly leaned over and bit the man's ear. "I didn't touch him with my hands", he snarled at Henry Tameleo. It is stated by other sources that he chewed off the man's cheek. It is also said that Barboza practiced cannibalism and necrophilia having once chewed on the fragment of a skull that had shattered from the head of one of his victim's and that he had an obsession with chewing.

Professional boxing career

Joe himself would pursue a career as a professional light heavyweight boxer and member of the United States Boxing Association for a short period of time having his first boxing match on April 18, 1949 against Rocky Lucero in El Paso, Texas and his last fight on September 23, 1961 against Don Bale in Boston, Massachusetts. He fought with an orthodox stance. He boxed under the moniker of "The Baron". His boxing record shows Joseph as winning eight out of the twelve matches with five of them ending in knock outs. He was classified as an out-fighter who was known for having very powerful punches. He was a sparring partner of Patriarca crime family associate, Americo Sacramone and future Massachusetts Auditor Joe DeNucci, Edward G. Connors and Anthony Veranis. He later worked as a longshoreman and as a clerk in a fruit store but always returned to crime.

Criminal activities

Wrongfully convicted Joseph Salvati's lawyer Victor Garo would later say about his defendant's accuser, "He was a loanshark, a receiver of stolen goods, a leg breaker. He'd shoot you in the head, puncture your ear drum with an icepick, [and] dismember you with a knife." Joe slugged anyone who got in his way. At the age of thirteen, he and his older brother were arrested after a spree of vandalism where they were caught knocking out signals on the streetcar system in New Bedford. By 1949 the then seventeen year old led a gang which eventually earned the title, "The Cream Puff Bandits." They broke into private households and small businesses, stealing money, wristwatches, liquor and firearms. At some of the restaurants the gang burglarized, police found pastry cream drippings from the ceilings. This is how the gang earned their comical title. At this point in time he was earning a reputation with the local organized crime crowd as a natural born leader straddling between being a child and a homicidal psychopath. His specialty was burglary, extortion and loansharking.

Escape from prison

He was first sent to prison in 1950 to the Concord Reformatory for five years. Barboza would later lead a wild prison break in the summer of 1953, which would become the largest in the prison's seventy-five year history. Joe and six other fellow inmates had guzzled contraband whiskey and pilfered amphetamine tablets, overpowered four prison guards and raced away in two separate cars. During their furlough of freedom they beat random people in the street, cruised the bars in Boston's Scollay Square, wandered to the neighborhoods of Lynn and Revere, and were finally apprehended at a subway station in East Boston. The escape party had barely lasted twenty-four hours. That November, while awaiting trial for his prison break, Barboza slugged a prison guard in the cafeteria for no reason. Three months later, he tossed a table at a guard's chest when he entered his cell.

Entry into organized crime

It is thought that he first met figures of Boston organized crime while incarcerated at Walpole, and it is thought that they arranged to have him paroled in 1958. He became a recognized figure in East Boston's organized crime circles and was a regular habituate of a bar on the corner of Bennington Street and Brook Street which became known among local criminals as "Barboza's Corner". His crew of small-time burglars and thieves consisted of Joseph W. Amico, James Kearns, Arthur Bratsos, Thomas DePrisco, father and son team Joseph Dermody and Ronald Dermody, Carlton Eaton, Edward Goss and Nicholas Femia. All of his crew would all later be murdered by rival mobsters including himself. The crew was officially supervised for the Patriarca crime family by Stephen Flemmi. He was never officially inducted into the Patriarca crime family because of his Portuguese heritage but within eight years during the escalation of gangland warfare he earned a reputation as one of Boston's most prolific contract killers and sidewalk soldiers. He had a reputation of being absolutely fearless.

It was widely believed in law official circles that Barboza had performed contract killings for Raymond L.S. Patriarca. By January 1966, Barboza was considered a powerful crime figure in the Boston underworld and was often represented by F. Lee Bailey. But he was also facing major problems. The authorities were constantly on his heels. For disturbing the peace one night at the same Revere nightclub where he chewed the ear off, he slugged a Boston Police Department Detective and received a six-month sentence. After his release from prison and his graduation from an expensive cooking school he was shipped out on the S.S. President Wilson to the Orient. William Geraway was allegedly told by Barboza that he contracted a venereal disease from a woman named Ferlina in the Philippines, robbed a sailor in Hong Kong after mutilating him with a gaff hook and tried to murder another sailor on the return voyage home to San Francisco, California.

In his 1975 autobiography "Barboza" written by true crime writer Hank Messick he admitted to murdering at least seven men, although he bragged to his friends that the total was closer to twenty nine. A few notorious victims on his murder roster while involved with organized crime included Edward McLaughlin and both Cornelius Hughes and Stevie Hughes, who Barboza hunted down in a fit of rage after receiving news that his best friend Vincent Flemmi was badly wounded in a 1967 shootout with them. Barboza aligned himself with the Winter Hill Gang in part because James "Buddy" McLean was an ally of James Flemmi. Barboza trusted Steven and James Flemmi, and as early as 1965 H. Paul Rico, was using that trust to drive Barboza in becoming an informant. Joe drove a 1965 Oldsmobile Cutlass which was referred to by law enforcement as "the James Bond car" because it had a sophisticated alarm system and a device for making thick black smoke come out of the tailpipe.

Turning government witness

By 1966, he had a very turbulent position in the Boston underworld. Before he had chewed off the mobster's ear, he had been shot at while standing outside his home in Chelsea. The local authorities believed there had been other unreported attempts. Brimming with reckless power, he was not abiding to the traditional rules of the La Cosa Nostra. One night he went into a nightclub that was paying Gennaro Anguilo for protection and demanded that the owner make payments to him as well. By mid-1966, the unrelenting attention from the law Barboza received from the authorities only made his standing in organized crime more tenuous.

In October 1966, he came to terms with his falling out with the organized crime element after he and three local hoodlums were arrested on weapons charges while cruising the Combat Zone in Boston. His accomplaces were released on bail, but Barboza had his bail set at $100,000 which he could not afford. Nobody from the Patriarca crime family came down to post his bail and he heard that it was the mafia family who tipped off the cops.

Two of his fellow compatriots and members of his crew Arthur C. Bratsos and Thomas J. DePrisco went to raise Barboza's bail. Five weeks later, after raising $59,000 the pair were murdered in the Nite Lite Cafe by soldiers serving under Ralph "Ralphie Chong" Lamattina, who served in the crew of Illario Zannino. After relieving them of their bail money, they stuffed their bodies in the back seat of Bratsos's car and dumped it in South Boston, hoping to throw blame onto the Irish gangs. However, a mob associate named Joseph Lanzi tipped the cops about the murder. He was later murdered by mafia associates Carmen Gagliardi, Frank Otero and Ben DeChristoforos.

The FBI began diligent efforts to turn Barboza into an informant. In December, Joe Amico, another friend of Barboza’s, was murdered. The following month, after a ten-day trial, Barboza was sentenced to a five-year term at Walpole on the weapons charges. In the summer of 1967, Steven Flemmi met with Joseph and informed him that Gennaro Anguilo and his brothers had plans to murder him. In June 1967, Barboza turned FBI informant while imprisoned for murder, and eventually testified against Raymond Patriarca, Sr. before becoming one of the first informants to enter the Witness Protection Program.

Barboza went on to testify against Raymond Patriarca and many high-ranking members and associates of the New England family. On June 20, Patriarca and Tameleo were indicted for conspiracy to murder in the 1966 killing of Providence bookmaker, Willie Marfeo. On August 9, Gennaro Angiulo was accused of participating in the murder of Rocco DiSeglio. Finally in October, six men were charged with the March 1965 murder of Edward “Teddy” Deegan. Shortly after the indictment of Raymond Patriarca, which drew front page stories about Barboza as a turncoat, Barboza wrote to the "Boston Herald": "All I want to be is left alone. The La Cosa Nostra was willing to pay Barboza $25,000 to quit talking. He showed some interest in the deal raising the price to $50,000 which was agreed upon but later turned down after consulting his lawyer.

Gennaro Anguilo was later found not guilty. Despite efforts by reporters to coax jurors to explain their deliberations, none did. Twenty years later, however, jury foreman Kenneth Matthews said none of the sixteen jurors had found Barboza believable stating: "He didn't help the state at all. He wasn't reliable. He was nothing as a witness." After a near fatal car bombing attack on his lawyer John Fitzgerald. The blast resulted in Fitzgerald losing his right leg below the knee. Barboza was moved around frequently from Thatcher Island to Fort Devens, including the Junior Officers' quarters located in Fort Knox, Kentucky. While the trials were going on, the mob tried to get at Barboza by planting a bomb in the car of his attorney, John Fitzgerald. He owned a German Shepard and while at Fort Knox would walk his dog with future FBI agent John Morris. John Morris was a member of the military police at the time. In May 1968, the Deegan trial began. After 50 days of testimony and deliberations, the jury returned a guilty verdict. Found guilty and sentenced to death were Peter J. Limone, Louis Greco, Henry Tameleo and Ronald Cassesso. Sentenced to life were Joseph Salvati and Wilfred Roy French.

Barboza was given a one-year prison term, including time served. He was paroled in March 1969 and relocated to Santa Rosa, California where he enrolled in a culinary arts school and is rumored to have killed ten more men. In 1971, he pleaded guilty to a second-degree murder charge in California and was sentenced to five years at Folsom Prison. At prison Barboza became an amateur poet and wrote poems portraying the evils of the La Cosa Nostra and his own fearlessness, "Boston Gang War", "The Mafia Double Crosses", "A Cat's Lives" and "The Gang War Ends."

Murder victim

Barboza was paroled in October 1975 and moved into a $250-a-month apartment under the name "Joseph Donati". He took the last name from small-time underworld figures, identical twin brothers Richard and Robert Donati. After he was befriended by small-time South Boston hoodlum James Chalmas, Gennaro Anguilo was at last informed of his whereabouts. On February 11, 1976, Barboza left Chalmas' San Francisco apartment and walked towards his Oldsmobile. He was armed with a Colt 38 but never had a chance to draw it. He was hit by four shotgun blasts from close range, killing him instantly.

Ilario Zannino, chief enforcer of Gennaro Anguilo, was later overheard saying to an associate on a hidden bug that it was J. R. Russo who had assassinated Barboza. In the conversation, Zannino described Russo as "a genius with a carbine."

False testimony against rivals

While working with the corrupt FBI agent H. Paul Rico, he helped to frame Mafia associates Joseph Salvati, Peter Limone, Louis Greco as well as his former mob superior, Henry Tameleo for the murder of a small time criminal named Edward "Teddy" Deegan in Chelsea, Massachusetts, protecting the real culprit. Deegan was the maternal uncle of Gerry Indelicato, future aide to Governor Michael Dukakis. Deegan had been marked for death by the New England family in 1965 for several burglaries which he had committed with future Winter Hill Gang heavyweight, Stephen Flemmi.

Out of the six people convicted for the murder, only Ronald "Ronnie the Pig" Casseso and Wilfred Roy French were actually involved and present in the alley where the murder took place. FBI agent Paul Rico had offered Casseso leniency if he would corroborate Barboza's false testimony against his former crew members. Casseso refused the offer and died in prison 30 years later.

Winter Hill enforcer John Martorano became a government witness in 1999 after learning that both Steven Flemmi and James "Whitey' Bulger were FBI informants and have been delivering information about the Mafia and the Winter Hill Gang to them. In his plea agreement, he told the Drug Enforcement Administration agent that Barboza had admitted to lying about the men convicted of killing Teddy Deegan. Barboza allegedly said that the Patriarca crime family had "screwed me and now I’m going to screw as many of them as possible."

Martorano also revealed that Vincent "Jimmie the Bear" Flemmi, the brother of Stephen Flemmi, had admitted to murdering Deegan. Vincent Flemmi and his brother were both acting as informants to the FBI. Instead of arresting Vincent Flemmi, the FBI knowingly let four men go to prison for a crime they didn’t commit. Barboza used this opportunity to settle some old grudges with some local North Enders and Mafia associates who he felt had not shown him the proper respect.

Tameleo and Greco died in prison after serving almost 30 years, and Salvati and Limone were finally released in 1997 and 2001, respectively. Lawyers representing the families of Greco, Tameleo, Salvati and Limone currently have lawsuits totaling in excess of one billion dollars filed against the Federal government.

External links

* [http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/providence_mob/3.html All About the Providence Mob] by Allen May
* http://www.truthinjustice.org/rico.htm
* http://www.rd.com/your-america-inspiring-people-and-stories/the-exonerated-wrongful-conviction/article54253-1.html
* http://thebrothersbulger.com/
* http://www.boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=114510&cat=boxer
* The Underboss: The Rise and Fall of a Mafia Family by Gerard O'Neil and Dick Lehr
* Deadly Alliance: The FBI's Secret Partnership With the Mob by Ralph Ranalli