Sunol Water Temple

The Sunol Water Temple is an unusual structure located at 505 Paloma Way in Sunol, California. Designed by Willis Polk, the 18-meter high classical pavilion is made up of twelve concrete Corinthian columns and a concrete ring girder that supports the conical wood and tile roof. Inside the temple, water originally from the Pleasanton well fields and Arroyo de la Laguna flowed into a white tiled cistern before plunging into a deeper water channel carrying water from the filter galleries to the Niles Aqueduct in Niles Canyon and across San Francisco Bay near the Dumbarton Bridge. The roof covering the cistern has paintings depicting Indian maidens carrying water vessels.

History

Since the mid-19th century a private company, The Spring Valley Water Company (SVWC), owned much of the Alameda County watershed and had held a monopoly on water service to San Francisco. [Metinko, Chris. "City owns a hearty connection to beer", Contra Costa Times, p. January 2, 2006] [Smith, Matt. "Big Dam Mess", SF Weekly, September 22, 2004] In 1906, William Bowers Bourn II, a major stockholder in the SVWC, and owner of the giant Empire gold mine, hired Willis Polk to design a "water temple" atop the spot where three subterranean water sources converge (a pipe from the Arroyo de la Laguna, Alameda Creek, through the Sunol infiltration galleries, and a 30 inch pipeline from the artesian well field of Pleasanton)Warren D. Hanson (1994). San Francisco Water and Power, 3rd edition, San Francisco: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission] [Hanson, Warren D. (2005). San Francisco Water and Power, 6th edition, San Francisco: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.] Some sources claim Bourn wanted to sell the water company to the City of San Francisco and saw the temple as a way to appeal to San Francisco voters, who would have to approve the purchase (municipal efforts to buy out the SVWC had been a source of constant controversy from as early as 1873, when the first attempt to purchase it was turned down by the voters because the price was too high).Anonymous. [http://sfwater.org/detail.cfm/MSC_ID/37/MTO_ID/NULL/MC_ID/5/C_ID/799/holdSession/1 SFPUC History: Creation of the San Francisco Water Department] , San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. URL accessed on January 14, 2006.] Other sources claim that as one born into wealth and classically educated, Bourn was partially motivated by a sense of civic responsibility. [Brechin, Gray A (1999). “Water Mains and Bloodlines”, Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin, 72-73, Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21568-0]

Polk's design, modeled after the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy, was constructed in 1910 (Tivoli is where much of the waters that fed Rome converged in the foothills of the Apennines). Prior to the construction to the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct, half of San Francisco's water supply (6 million gallons a day) [ Brown, Teresa. "Welcome to Sunol", Pleasanton Weekly, November 29, 2002.] passed through the Sunol temple. The SVWC, including the temple, was purchased by San Francisco in 1930 for $39,962,606.51. [Anonymous. [http://web.archive.org/web/20050204025641/http://sfwater.org/main.cfm/MC_ID/5/MSC_ID/37 History of the SFPUC] , San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. URL accessed on January 14, 2006]

For decades the Water Temple received many visitors and was a popular location for picnickers. By the 1980s the water temple had badly deteriorated, and was severely damaged in 1989's Loma Prieta earthquake, leading some community leaders to call for its demolition. The site was closed to the public due to safety concerns. [Conrad, Katherine. "Sunol battles over temple, quarry", East Bay Business Times, March 9, 2001] A community effort led to the temple's restoration beginning in 1997. [Anonymous. "Water temple rehab overcomes years of neglect", American City & Country, May 1, 2001] Today the restoration, including seismic and accessibility upgrades, is complete and the temple is again open to the public, however any water that now flows through the temple is not part of the potable water supply.

Fields adjacent to the temple belong to the city of San Francisco which has authorized the digging of a gravel quarry on the site. [Pena, Michael. "Landmark Day in Sunol Water Temple restoration to be celebrated as quarry debate simmers", San Francisco Chronicle, September 9, 2000] [Griswold, Belinda. "Sunol Sellout PUC allows mining of pristine valley amid conflict charges", SF Bay Guardian, May 22, 1996.] Local residents concerned about the temple's future brought a lawsuit to attempt block the quarry project, [Unknown. "Protesters fight Sunol quarry", Tri-Valley Herald, CA, December 18, 2005 ] but eventually ran out of funds and dropped the suit. [Johnson, Chip, [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2006/05/05/BAGSSILH5Q1.DTL Sunol digs in against compost site] , San Francisco Chronicle, May 5, 2006, p. B1. URL accessed on May 14, 2006.]

In June 2006, a new facility named the Sunol Water Temple Agricultural Park was opened on a site adjacent to the temple. [Fraley, Malaika. Park lets all come in for a taste. Contra Costa Times. September 11, 2006 [http://www.contracostatimes.com/mld/cctimes/15490842.htm] ] The park provides space for small businesses and nonprofit groups to grow produce. [Fraley, Malaika. AgPark a growing success. Contra Costa Times. September 25, 2006. [http://www.contracostatimes.com/mld/cctimes/news/15602916.htm article link] url accessed September 27, 2006.] The park serves a platform for service and educational programs related to sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. [Anonymous. Sunol Water Temple Agricultural Park. [http://www.sagecenter.org/Projectareas/AgParks/Sunol.htm SAGE official website] URL accessed September 24, 2006.]

Inscription

"I will make the wilderness a pool of water and the dry lands springs of water. [kjv|isa|41:18|Isaiah 41:18b] The streams whereof shall make glad the city. [kjv|psalms|46:4|Psalms 46:4] S.V.W.C. MCMX [Spring Valley Water Company 1910] "

ee also

*Pulgas Water Temple, a similar structure on the San Francisco Peninsula, opened in 1934 to commemorate the completion of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct.

References

External links

* [http://www.verlang.com/sfbay0004ref_wp.html Chronological listing of selected extant architectural works in the Bay Area]
* [http://www.sunol.org/index.html Save Our Sunol,] a community group that organized support for the temple's restoration
* [http://altreligion.about.com/library/graphics/bl_sunol.htm Images of the Water Temple]
* [http://www.sagecenter.org/Projectareas/AgParks/Sunol.htm Sunol Water Temple Agricultural Park]