Metriacanthosaurus

Metriacanthosaurus Temporal range: Middle Jurassic, 160 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Superorder:	Dinosauria
Order:	Saurischia
Suborder:	Theropoda
Family:	Sinraptoridae
Subfamily:	Metriacanthosaurinae Paul, 1988
Genus:	Metriacanthosaurus Walker, 1964
Species
M. parkeri (von Huene, 1923) (type)

Metriacanthosaurus (meaning "moderately-spined lizard") is a genus of sinraptorid dinosaur from the upper Oxford Clay of England, dating to the mid-Jurassic Period, about 160 million years ago (lower Oxfordian).

In 1923 German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene wrote a paper on Jurassic and Cretaceous European carnivorous dinosaurs. In this paper, he examined a specimen, OUM J.12144, including an incomplete hip, a leg bone, and part of a backbone, and believed it was a new species of Megalosaurus: Megalosaurus parkeri. The specific name honours W. Parker who in the nineteenth century had collected the fossils near Jordan's Cliff at Weymouth.^[1]

In 1932 however, von Huene concluded it was species of Altispinax, A. parkeri.^[2]

In 1964 though, scientist Alick Walker decided these fossils were too different from Altispinax, as it lacked the long vertebral spines, and named a new genus, Metriacanthosaurus.^[3] The generic name is derived from Greek metrikos, "moderate", and akantha, "spine". Metriacanthosaurus thus gets its name from its vertebrae, which are taller than typical carnosaurs, like Allosaurus, but lower than other high-spined dinosaurs like Acrocanthosaurus.

Metriacanthosaurus was medium-sized theropod with a femur length of eighty centimetres. Gregory S. Paul in 1988 estimated its weight at a tonne.

Originally assigned by Walker to the Megalosauridae, Metriacanthosaurus has since been found to form a family with Yangchuanosaurus and other close relatives, named Metriacanthosauridae in 1988. Contrary to ICZN rules for naming animal groups, this family has been referred to mainly by the junior synonym Sinraptoridae.

In popular culture

• In the film version of Jurassic Park, one of the vials containing dinosaur DNA is labeled with the name Metriacanthosaurus, though the genus does not appear in the film. According to Thomas R. Holtz, this was probably meant to refer not to M. parkeri but rather the more famous Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis, which Gregory S. Paul then classified as a species of Metriacanthosaurus.^[4]

References

1. ^ F. v. Huene, 1923, "Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic", Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 34: 449-458
2. ^ von Huene, F., 1932, Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie 1(4). pp. 361
3. ^ A.D. Walker, 1964, "Triassic reptiles from the Elgin area: Ornithosuchus and the origin of carnosaurs", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences 248: 53-134
4. ^ Holtz, Thomas R. (1998-03-02). "Re: Metriacanthosaurus". Dinosaur Mailing List mailing list. http://dml.cmnh.org/1998Mar/msg00058.html. Retrieved 2009-01-03. 

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