Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.

Thomas Richard Holtz, Jr., Ph.D. (born 1965 in Los Angeles) is a vertebrate palaeontologist and senior lecturer at the University of Maryland's Department of Geology.^[1] He has published extensively on the phylogeny, morphology, ecomorphology, and locomotion of terrestrial predators, especially on tyrannosaurids and other theropod dinosaurs.^[1] He wrote the book Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages and is the author or co-author of the chapters "Saurischia",^[2] "Basal Tetanurae",^[3] and "Tyrannosauroidea"^[4] in the second edition of The Dinosauria. He has also consulted as a scientific advisor on the Walking With Dinosaurs BBC series.

He is also the director of the Science and Global Change Program within the College Park Scholars living-learning community at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Theories

Holtz has come up with several new theories and hypotheses about the dinosaurs' classification. For example, he coined the terms Maniraptoriformes and Arctometatarsus. He also proposed two classification systems for theropods. The first is the clade Arctometatarsalia, made up of tyrannosauroids, ornithomimosaurs, and troodontids, because all of these coelurosaurs had pinched middle metatarsal bones, in their feet. In this proposed classification system, the tyrannosauroids were supposedly basal to a clade known as Bullatosauria, which was made up of the Troodontidae and the Ornithomimosauria. These two groups were purported to form a clade, because they both shared a common characteristic; which was a skull capsule. However, later on, both of these classification systems were found to be paraphyletic, or "artificial", clades. For example, troodontids are now known to be deinonychosaurs, or "raptors", closely related to dromaeosaurids and birds. The discovery of basal tyrannosauroids, such as Guanlong, who lacked an arctometatarsus, also helped to disprove this theory. And, eventually, the "skull capsule" in both troodontids and ornithomimosaurs was later found to be an example of convergent evolution, causing the clade Bullatosauria to be abandoned.

Holtz was also a key figure in the discovery that tyrannosauroids were not carnosaurs, as had been previously believed by most palaeontologists, but rather large coelurosaurs. By being one of the very first scientists to theorise this, Holtz contributed greatly to the debunking of a monophyletic Carnosauria.

Selected publications

• Holtz, Thomas R., Jr. (1994). "The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: implications for theropod systematics". Journal of Paleontology 68: 1100−1117. JSTOR 1306180. 
• Holtz, Thomas R., Jr. (1995). "The arctometatarsalian pes, an unusual structure of the metatarsus of Cretaceous Theropoda (Dinosauria: Saurischia)". Journal of Paleontology 14: 480−519. JSTOR 4523590. 
• Holtz, Thomas R., Jr. (1996). "Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Journal of Paleontology 70: 536−538. JSTOR 1306452. 
• Holtz, Thomas R., Jr. (1998). "A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs". Gaia 15: 5–61. http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/gaiaphyl.pdf. 
• Farlow, James O.; Gatesy, Stephen M.; Holtz, Thomas R., Jr.; Hutchinson, John R.; Robinson, John M. (2000). "Theropod locomotion". American Zoologist 40: 640−663. doi:10.1093/icb/40.4.640. http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/4/640. 
• Holtz, Thomas R., Jr.; Skrepnick, Michael William (2003). T. Rex: hunter or scavenger?. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-81297-0. 
• Holtz, Thomas R., Jr.; Rey, Luis V. (2007). Dinosaurs: the most complete, up-to-date encyclopedia for dinosaur lovers of all ages. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7. 

Footnotes

1. ^ ^{a b} Holtz, Thomas R. Holtz, Jr..
2. ^ "Saurischia", pp. 21–23, with H. Osmólska
3. ^ "Basal Tetanurae", pp. 71–110, with R. E. Molnar, P. J. Currie
4. ^ "Tyrannosauroidea", pp. 111–136.

References

• Holtz, T. R., Jr.. "Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.: Vertebrate Paleontologist". University of Maryland Department of Geology. http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/. Retrieved 2007-03-30. 
• Weishampel, D. B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (eds.) (2004). The Dinosauria: Second Edition. Berkley: University of California Press. p. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/2601001.html. 

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