MULE

For other uses of "Mule", see Mule (disambiguation).

MULE is the MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs.

MULE provides facilities not only for handling text written in many different languages (at least 42 character sets, 53 coding sets, 128 input methods, and 58 languages^[1]), but in fact multilingual texts containing several languages in the same buffer. This goes beyond the simple facilities offered by Unicode for representation of multilingual text. MULE also supports input methods, composing display using fonts in various different encodings, changing character syntax and other editing facilities to correspond to local language usage, and more.

MULE was originally based on Nemacs, a version of Emacs extended to handle Japanese, released in 1987. Development stalled, and the effort to incorporate increased language functionality into the main Emacs version stalled, until the fork between Lucid Inc. and the FSF led to XEmacs, which for several years boasted considerably better support for multiple languages and character sets. This competition reinvigorated development of GNU Emacs's language handling capabilities and prompted the inclusion of MULE in version 21 of GNU Emacs.

MULE was written by the researchers Satoru Tomura, Ken'ichi Handa, Mikiko Nishikimi, and Naoto Takahashi, of the AIST, which is a part of METI, of the government of Japan.^[1] This made it impossible for the developers to assign copyright to FSF, as is usually done for contributions to GNU packages.^[2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Open Source Software Research Activities in AIST towards Secure Open Systems", by Kazuhito Ohmaki, in Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE'02), pg 37-, 2002 ISBN 0-7695-1769-2. IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA
2. ^ Re: VM and the FSF

External links

Free software portal

• MULE homepage
• MULE history
• MULE FAQ

This free software-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Emacs Free software stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат? Synonyms: Hybrid, mongrel, hinny Pratapgarh Point Mallard Aquatic Center Look at other dictionaries: mule — mule …   Dictionnaire des rimes Mule — Conservation status Domesticated Scientific classification Kingdom …   Wikipedia mule — 1. (mu l ) s. f. 1°   Sorte de pantoufle pour les hommes, et de chaussure sans quartier pour les femmes. •   Ses mules d un côté, de l autre son toquet, RÉGNIER Sat. XI. •   Elle avait perdu une de ses mules de chambre, SÉV. 20. •   Elle paraît …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré Mule — (m[=u]l), n. [F., a she mule, L. mula, fem. of mulus; cf. Gr. my klos, mychlo s. Cf. AS. m[=u]l, fr. L. mulus. Cf. {Mulatto}.] 1. (Zo[ o]l.) A hybrid animal; specifically, one generated between an ass and a mare. Sometimes the term is applied to… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English Mule — (engl. „Maultier“) bezeichnet: Mule (Software), eine quelloffene Enterprise Service Bus Plattform MULE, ein Computerspiel eine Abkürzung für den Multifunctional Utility/Logistics and Equipment Roboter der US Armee die Kurzform der Spinnmaschine… …   Deutsch Wikipedia müle — Müle. s. f. Femelle de la mesme espece que le mulet. Jolie mule. mule noire. mule fantasque, quinteuse, opiniastre, ombrageuse. les Medecins vont ordinairement sur des mules. il a un attelage de mules à son carrosse. On dit, d Une personne… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française MULE — (Heb. פֶּרֶד), the offspring of a he ass and a mare. Although a Jew is prohibited from producing such hybrids, their use is permitted (Tosef., Kil. 5:6 cites an individual view prohibiting it). Since there were different strains of horses and… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism mule — Mule, f. penac. Mula. Une mule ou mulet engendré d un cheval et d une asnesse, Hinnus hinni. Mule ombrageuse, Mula suspiciosa. Mules traversaines qui viennent aux chevaux et autres bestes chevalines, Perniones transuersi. Franche mule, est en un… …   Thresor de la langue françoyse Mule — Mule, que significa mula en inglés, puede hacer referencia a: Mule, un sistema software usado para gestionar comunicaciones entre sistema heterogéneos. M.U.L.E., un videojuego de estrategia económica publicado en 1983. The Mule, canción del grupo …   Wikipedia Español Mule — mule. (Del lat. mugil, ĭlis). m. Cantb. mújol. * * * M.U.L.E: juego de estrategia económica participativo de 1 a 4 jugadores. MULE es un juego con muy pocos turnos, únicamente doce, que ocurren relativamente rápido, pero que introducen muy rápida …   Enciclopedia Universal mule — [mju:l] n [Sense: 1 2; Date: 1200 1300; : Old French; Origin: mul, from Latin mulus] [Sense: 3; Date: 1500 1600; : French; Origin: Latin mulleus type of red shoe worn by certain officials] 1.) an animal that has a ↑donkey and a horse as parents → …   Dictionary of contemporary English 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”