William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland

Infobox_Prime Minister | name=The Duke of Portland


order =Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
term_start =31 March 1807
term_end =4 October 1809
monarch =George III
predecessor =The Lord Grenville
successor =Spencer Perceval
order2 =Prime Minister of Great Britain
term_start2 =2 April 1783
term_end2 =19 December 1783
monarch2 =George III
predecessor2 =The Earl of Shelburne
successor2 =William Pitt the Younger
alma_mater =Christ Church, Oxford
birth_date =birth date|1738|4|14|df=y
birth_place =Nottinghamshire
death_date =death date and age|1809|10|30|1738|4|14|df=y
death_place =Bulstrode Park, Buckinghamshire
party =Whig, later Tory

William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland PC (14 April 1738 – 30 October 1809), was a British Whig and Tory statesman, Chancellor of the University of Oxford and Prime Minister. He was known before 1762 by the courtesy title Marquess of Titchfield. He held a title of every degree of British nobility - that of Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount and Baron.

Biography

Lord Titchfield, was the eldest son of William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland and Margaret Cavendish-Harley, and inherited many lands from his mother and his maternal grandmother. [http://longford.nottingham.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=(AltRefNo='Pl-F3')] [http://longford.nottingham.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?&dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=(AltRefNo='Ne-M')] . He was educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford and was elected to Parliament in 1761 before entering the Lords when he succeeded his father as Duke of Portland the next year. Associated with the aristocratic Whig party of Lord Rockingham, Portland served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household in Rockingham's first Government (1765-1766), and then as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in Rockingham's second ministry (April-August 1782), but resigned from Lord Shelburne's ministry along with other supporters of Charles James Fox following Rockingham's death.

In April 1783, Portland was brought forward as titular head of a coalition government whose real leaders were Charles James Fox and Lord North. He served as First Lord of the Treasury in this ministry until its fall in December of the same year.

In 1789, Portland became one of several vice presidents of London's Foundling Hospital. This charity had become one of the most fashionable of the time, with several notables serving on its board. At its creation, fifty years earlier, Portland's father, William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland, had been one of the founding governors, listed on the charity's royal charter granted by George II. The hospital's mission was to care for the abandoned children in London and it achieved rapid fame through its poignant mission, its art collection donated from supporting artists and popular benefit concerts put on by George Frideric Handel. In 1793, Portland took over the presidency of the charity from the Right Honourable Lord North.

Along with many other conservative Whigs (such as Edmund Burke), Portland was deeply uncomfortable with the French Revolution, and ultimately broke with Fox over this issue, joining Pitt's government as Home Secretary in 1794. He continued to serve in the cabinet until Pitt's death in 1806 - from 1801 to 1805 as Lord President of the Council, and then as a Minister without Portfolio.

When Pitt's supporters returned to power after the collapse of the Ministry of all the Talents in March, 1807, Portland was, once again, an acceptable figurehead for a fractious group of ministers who included George Canning, Lord Castlereagh, Lord Hawkesbury, and Spencer Perceval.

Portland's second government saw the United Kingdom's complete isolation on the continent, but also the beginning of recovery, with the start of the Peninsular War. In late 1809, with Portland's health poor and the ministry rocked by the scandalous duel between Canning and Castlereagh, Portland resigned, dying shortly thereafter.

He was Recorder of Nottingham until his death in 1809.

The Portland Vase of Roman glass was given its name due to it having been owned by Portland at his family residence at Bulstrode Park.

The department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham holds a number of papers relating to the 3rd Duke: the 3rd Duke's personal and political papers (Pw F) are part of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection; and the Portland (London) Collection (Pl) contains correspondence and official papers of the 3rd Duke, especially in series Pl C.

The Portland Estate Papers held at Nottinghamshire Archives also contain items relating to the 3rd Duke's properties.

Titles from Birth

*Marquess of Titchfield (1738-1762)
*His Grace The Duke of Portland (1762-1765)
*His Grace The Duke of Portland, PC (1765-1809)

Marriage and children

On 8 November 1766, Portland first married Dorothy Cavendish, a daughter of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire and Charlotte Boyle. They were parents of six children

*William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland (24 June 1768 - 27 March 1854).
*Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (14 September 1774 - 17 June 1839).
*Lord William Charles Augustus Cavendish-Bentinck (3 October 1780 - 28 April 1826). Paternal grandfather of Nina Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne.
*Lord Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck (2 November 1781 - 11 February 1828). Father of George Cavendish-Bentinck.
*Lady Charlotte Cavendish-Bentinck (d. 28 July 1862). Married Charles Greville, and they had one son, Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville.
*Lady Mary Cavendish-Bentinck (d. 6 November 1843).

Portland is a great-great-great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II (see Ancestry of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom).

The Duke of Portland's First Ministry, April - December 1783

*The Duke of Portland - First Lord of the Treasury
*Lord Stormont - Lord President of the Council
*Lord Carlisle - Lord Privy Seal
*Lord North - Secretary of State for the Home Department
*Charles James Fox - Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
*Lord Keppel - First Lord of the Admiralty
*Lord John Cavendish - Chancellor of the Exchequer
*Lord Townshend - Master-General of the Ordnance
*Lord Northington - Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland
*The Great Seal is in Commission

The Duke of Portland's Second Ministry, March 1807 - October 1809

*The Duke of Portland - First Lord of the Treasury
*Lord Eldon - Lord Chancellor
*Lord Camden - Lord President of the Council
*Lord Westmorland - Lord Privy Seal
*Lord Hawkesbury, after 1808, Lord Liverpool - Secretary of State for the Home Department
*George Canning - Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
*Lord Castlereagh - Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
*Lord Mulgrave - First Lord of the Admiralty
*Spencer Perceval - Chancellor of the Exchequer and of the Duchy of Lancaster
*Lord Chatham - Master-General of the Ordnance
*Lord Bathurst - President of the Board of Trade

Changes
*July, 1809 - Lord Harrowby, the President of the Board of Control, and Lord Granville Leveson-Gower, the Secretary at War, enter the Cabinet

External links

* [http://pm.gov.uk/output/Page159.asp More about William Bentinck, Duke of Portland] on the Downing Street website.
* [http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/mss/collections/family-estate/collections/portland/3rd_duke_portland.phtml Biography of the 3rd Duke, with links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham]