- Written language
[
typeset font s and languages, byWilliam Caslon , letter founder; from the 1728 "Cyclopaedia ".]A written language is the representation of a
language by means of awriting system . Written language is aninvention in that it must be taught to children, who will instinctively learn or create spoken or gestural languages.A written language exists only as a complement to a specific spoken or gestural language, and no
natural language is purely written. However, extinct languages may be in effect purely written when only their writings survive.Written languages evolve more slowly than corresponding spoken languages. When one or more registers of a language come to be strongly divergent from spoken language, the resulting situation is called
diglossia . However, such diglossia is often considered as one betweenliterary language and other registers, especially if thewriting system reflects itspronunciation .Native readers and writers of English are often unaware that the complexities of English spelling make written English a somewhat artificial construct. The traditional spelling of English, at least for inherited words, preserves a late Middle English phonology that is no one's speech dialect; the artificial preservation of this much earlier form of the language in writing might make much of what we write intelligible to Chaucer, even if we could not understand his speech.
Tom McArthur suggests that it is at least arguable that written and spoken English have reached the stage that can be considereddiglossia .Further reading
*cite book|last= Ankerl |first= Guy |title= Global communication without universal civilization |origdate= |origyear= 2000 |series= INU societal research |volume= Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western |publisher= INU Press |location= Geneva |isbn= 2-88155-004-5 |pages= pp.59-66, 235-236
ee also
*
List of writing systems
*Literary language
*List of languages by first written accounts
*Writing
*History of writing
*History of writing ancient numbers
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