Bridge River

Geobox|River
name = Bridge River
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image_caption = East Wall of Bridge River Canyon, near Terzaghi Dam, from Road 40
country = Canada
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state_type = Province
state = British Columbia
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source = Coast Mountains
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source_elevation =
source_lat_d = 50
source_lat_m = 47
source_lat_s =
source_lat_NS = N
source_long_d = 122
source_long_m = 13
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source_long_EW = W
source_coordinates_note = BCGNIS|38494|Bridge River]
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mouth = Fraser River
mouth_location = | mouth_region = | mouth_country =
mouth_elevation =
mouth_lat_d = 50
mouth_lat_m = 45
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mouth_lat_NS = N
mouth_long_d = 121
mouth_long_m = 56
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mouth_long_EW = W
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footnotes =The Bridge River is, or was, a major tributary of British Columbia's Fraser River, entering that stream about six miles upstream from the town of Lillooet.

Name

Its name in the Lillooet language is Xwisten (pronounced Hwist'n), sometimes spelled Nxwisten or Nxo-isten). Dubbed Riviere du Font by Simon Fraser's exploring party in 1808, it was for a while known by the English version of that name, Fountain River, and some old maps show it as Shaw's River, after the name of one of Fraser's men.

Location

Its confluence with the Fraser occurs at a double gorge formed by the two rivers, which are forced through narrow banks at this point and so reminiscent of a fountain (in another version of the name, the surname of one of Fraser's men was supposedly "du Font", giving the location its name of the Lower Fountains (the Upper Fountains being another few miles upstream on the Fraser, today's community of Fountain The river came to be called the Bridge River due to the location of a bridge across the Fraser at this point, originally a pole-structure built by the native St'at'imc people but replaced at the time of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in 1858 by a white-run tollbridge.

Fishery

Due to the force of the rivers at this point, the area of the confluence was for millennia, and remains today, the most important inland salmon-fishing site on the Fraser. The flow of the Bridge River, however, was near-completely diverted into Seton Lake with the completion of the Bridge River Power Project in 1961, with the water now entering the Fraser River just south of Lillooet as a result. The salmon fishery of the Bridge River was near-entirely destroyed by this diversion.

Tributaries

Because of the diversion of the river to Seton Lake by Terzaghi Dam and tunnels through Mission Mountain, which is in that area the south flank of the Bridge, what Bridge River water enters the Fraser now is largely the flow of one of the Bridge's tributaries, the Yalakom River. The Yalakom, whose name means the ewe of the mountain sheep in the Chilcotin language, was in old times known as the North Fork of the Bridge. The South Fork of the Bridge River is many miles upstream, at the community of Gold Bridge, and is today known as the Hurley River (originally Hamilton's River). Several other large feeder streams contribute to the diverted flow of the Bridge, including Gun Creek, Tyaughton Creek, Marshall Creek, and Cadwallader Creek; the last-named is a tribuary of the Hurley, about 15 kilometres upstream from its confluence with the Bridge.

pruce Lake Protected Area

Gun Creek and Tyaughton Creek jointly drain the south flank of the protected wilderness area known as the Spruce Lake Protected Area, popularly known as the South Chilcotin although the area is not actually in the Chilcotin, which lies north of it, but in the Chilcotin Ranges. The official designation for the area has changed since it was first proposed for a park in the 1930s, due to the efforts of the prospecting and mining community in the goldfield towns. The protectionist vs. resource extraction battle over that area has raged since that time, and names used in debates for the area have included the Charlie Cunningham Wilderness, the Spruce Lake-Eldorado Study Area , the Spruce Lake-Eldorado Management Planning Unit (SLRMP), Southern Chilcotin Mountains Provincial Park, and South Chilcotin Provincial Park. In 2007 the name was changed again to the Spruce Lake Protected Area, reflective of the government's downgrading of the area from park to mixed-use in certain areas.

Bridge River Gold

It is along Cadwallader Creek that the major mines of the Bridge River goldfields are located at Bralorne and Pioneer Mine. Other mining towns and camps built around mines in the Bridge River goldfields were Minto City, Wayside, Congress, Lajoie, Haylmore and Brexton (aka Fish Lake). Around Bralorne other localities such as Ogden grew up along road right-of-ways and slips of land between the mineral claims which dominate the northwestern flank of the Bendor Range in this area, providing services not approved of by company towns, including "sporting houses", some of which were also in Gold Bridge until forced to move to Minto as Gold Bridge became larger. Other gold-mining activity is found throughout the river's basin. During the 19th Century, large hydraulic mining operations lined the banks of the river for the thirty kilometres between the community of Moha, at the confluence of the Yalakom and the Bridge.

The Big Canyon

Upstream from Moha the now-dry riverbed runs through the immense gorge of the Bridge River Canyon, which lies immediately downstream from Terzaghi Dam, the principal dam of the Bridge River Power Project. Terzaghi Dam forms Carpenter Lake, the longest and largest of the power project's reservoirs at about 40 kilometres. Just upstream from Gold Bridge, which is at the upper end of Carpenter Lake, is Lajoie Dam, which forms Downton Lake.

ee also

*Bridge River Country
*Bridge River Power Project
*Bridge River, British Columbia
*Bridge River Indian Band
*Bridge River Canyon
*Bridge River Cones
*Bridge River Ash
*Chief Hunter Jack
*Gold Bridge
*Bralorne
*Pioneer Mine
*Brexton
*Gun Lakes
*Minto City
*Moha
*Rexmount
*Tyaughton Lake

References

External links

* [http://www.cayoosh.net Bridge River-Lillooet Country Archive]
* [http://bivouac.com Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia]
* [http://www.bc-alter.net/dfriesen/treasureleads.html Lost Treasure in British Columbia]