- Youth participation
Youth participation is the active engagement of young people throughout their communities. It is often used as a short-hand for youth participation in any many forms, including decision-making, sports, schools and any activity where young people are not historically engaged.
Coinage
Youth participation, also called youth involvement, has been used by government agencies, researchers, educators, and others to define and examine the active engagement of young people in
schools ,sports ,government ,community development and economic activity.In 1975, the
National Commission on Resources for Youth in the United States defined youth participation as:...Youth participation is the involving of
youth in responsible, challenging action that meets genuine needs, with opportunities forplanning and/ordecision-making affecting others in an activity whose impact or consequence is extended to others— i.e., outside or beyond the youth participants themselves. Other desirable features of youth participation are provision forcritical reflection on the participatory activity and the opportunity for group effort toward a common goal.In 1995, the Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) established a definition of "meaningful" youth participation as:
Meaningful youth participation involves recognizing and nurturing the strengths, interests, and abilities of young people through the provision of real opportunities for youth to become involved in decisions that affect them at individual and
systemic levels.In 2006 the
Commonwealth Youth Programme andUNICEF remarked: "As there are many types of developmental processes, cultures and unique individuals in the world, participation is not any one phenomenon. There are various definitions of participation. A basic concept of participation however, is that people are free to involve themselves in social and developmental processes and that self-involvement is active, voluntary and informed." [UNICEF/Commonwealth Youth Programme Participation Toolkits (2006) Book One p7]Examples
In these forms, youth participation activities may include:
*Youth council s
*Participatory action research
*Youth-led media
* Youth-targeted political organizationsYouth participation often requires some measure of
student voice oryouth voice , as well asyouth/adult partnerships . Results are often measured byyouth development goals,academic outcomes or returns onsocial capital . They may take the form ofcivic engagement ,youth rights orintergenerational equity .pectra of activities
Working on behalf of
UNICEF , in 1992 sociologistRoger Hart created a model for thinking about youth participation as a continuum of activities. Entitled the "Ladder of Participation," this spectrum identifies eight types of youth participation ranging fromtokenism andmanipulation to engaging youth as partners. [Hart's "Ladder of Participation" is from (1992) "Children's Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship." UNICEF. For information regarding the Hart’s Ladder see [http://www.mcs.bc.ca/yps/snack.htm this] or [http://www.freechild.org/ladder.htm this] ]David Driskell , another UN-affiliated researcher, has identified several "steps" towards youth participation, while Daniel Ho-Sang has analyzed models according to a horizontal continuum. [Checkoway, B. and Gutierrez, L. (2006) "An introduction," in Checkoway and Gutierrez (eds) Youth Participation and Community Change. New York: Hawthorne Press. p 3.]ee also
*
Youth voice
*Youth empowerment
*Community youth development
*youth movement s
*Convention on the Rights of the Child , particularly Articles 5 and 12
*Youth sports
*Association of Young Americans References
External links
* [http://www.podiumjournal.com The Podium: A Collegiate Journal, where tomorrow's leaders speak today]
* [http://www.alanwu.org/ The Wellspring] , a web log about youth affairs opportunities in Australia and at the United Nations (UN).
*UNICEF /Commonwealth Youth Programme participation
* [http://www.spunout.ie SpunOut.ie Irish National Youth Website]
* [http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Document/154211/162033/youth_participation_toolkits/ toolkits (series of four, 2006)]
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