- Donald Watson
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Donald Watson 
Donald Watson reading the first issue of The VeganBorn 2 September 1910
Mexborough, Yorkshire, UKDied 16 November 2005 (aged 95)
Keswick, Cumbria, UKOccupation Woodwork teacher[1] Known for Founding of the Vegan Society and coining the word vegan. Religion Agnostic [2] Donald Watson (2 September 1910 – 16 November 2005) was founder of the Vegan Society and inventor of the word vegan.
Watson was born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, into a non-vegetarian family.[1] His journey to veganism began when he was very young, at the farm of his Uncle George. There, he says:
“ I was surrounded by interesting animals. They all "gave" something: the farm horse pulled the plough, the lighter horse pulled the trap, the cows "gave" milk, the hens "gave" eggs and the cockerel was a useful "alarm clock" - I didn't realise at that time that he had another function too. The sheep "gave" wool. I could never understand what the pigs "gave", but they seemed such friendly creatures - always glad to see me.[3] ” He realised what purpose the pigs served when he saw one slaughtered, and his life was changed[2]. At the age of 14, he became a vegetarian as a New Year's resolution, and in the 1940s, after learning about milk production, he became a vegan[1].
The term "vegan" was coined in England by Donald Watson, motivation was ethical to sentient animals:
“ We can see quite plainly that our present civilization is built on the exploitation of animals, just as past civilizations were built on the exploitation of slaves, and we believe the spiritual destiny of man is such that in time he will view with abhorrence the idea that men once fed on the products of animals' bodies"[4] ” In 1944 he and some friends founded the Vegan Society[2]. Someone in the group would have come up with a word to describe their diets, he believes, but he suggested "vegan", using the first three and last two letters of "vegetarian". It was "the beginning and end of vegetarian", and it stuck.
At the age of 95, Watson died in his home in northern England.
Contents
Background
The son of a headmaster in a mining community of Yorkshire, he was born into an environment in which vegetarianism, let alone veganism, was unknown.[1] Donald's parents, however, encouraged and supported their three children in determining their own paths in life, a liberal approach which enabled Donald to formulate ideas which were both challenging and controversial. He held his parents in great esteem, and often expressed his gratitude for their wisdom in accepting, if not understanding, his philosophy.
An obviously sensitive young man, Donald responded to the harshness and brutality of much which he observed in the industrial and farming community in which he grew up early last century, and he developed a great reverence for and in-depth knowledge of the countryside. An acute observer of the natural order, this throughout life became his inspiration and guide, and led him to question man's place in nature and his relationship with other species.
He became a vegetarian at the age of fourteen, although he knew of no others who followed this precept. A self-critical and free thinker, throughout his life he always responded to his inner convictions, regardless of any personal inconvenience or difficulties which this might entail[1].
He was a quiet, strong-minded perfectionist, an abstemious man – teetotaller and non-smoker – who tried to avoid contact with any foods or substances which he regarded as ‘toxins’. Never one to criticise others, he himself never felt that his way of life demanded any personal sacrifice; rather, he puzzled at the risks, as he perceived them, which others took so readily.
On leaving school at the age of fifteen, he became apprenticed to a family joinery firm where he perfected the skills necessary to continue a life-long love of working with wood, later (from the age of twenty) becoming a teacher of this subject[5]. He taught in Leicester, where he also played a large part in the Leicester Vegetarian Society, and later in Keswick, where he was able to enjoy his love of fell-walking and organic vegetable gardening until very shortly before his death.
From his early conversion to vegetarianism, he later came to view the abstention from the use of all animal products as the logical extension of this philosophy. A committed pacifist throughout his life, he registered as a conscientious objector in the war, and faced the harshest challenges to his ethical position[6]. It was at this time that the need for a word to describe his way of life, and a society to promote its ideals, became apparent; together with his wife, Dorothy, they decided on the word ‘vegan’ by taking the first three and last two letters of "vegetarian," - "because veganism starts with vegetarianism and carries it through to its logical conclusion," and the Society was founded in 1944[2].
Donald ran this single-handed for two years, writing and duplicating the newsletter, and responding to the increasing volume of correspondence[2]. From these early beginnings, more than sixty years ago, the worldwide movement which exists today developed, with the word "vegan" appearing with increasing frequency on food labelling and restaurant menus.
Donald continued his life quietly in Keswick where he taught for twenty-three years[1]; also working with the Cumbrian Vegetarian Society, campaigning through the local press on matters important in his home community, and, together with his family, enjoying his love of the mountains. For several years after his retirement from teaching he devoted much time to working as a guided walks leader[7]. Other leisure-time activities included cycling, photography and playing the violin, and while not a party political supporter, he took a keen interest in political issues throughout his life[7][8].
He never sought any recognition for his early work in founding the Vegan Society, and indeed actively shunned the limelight, concerned only that his vision for a more compassionate way of life in harmony with the natural order should take root and grow. He was able to surprise his many critics[9] who claimed that he could not survive on his proposed diet by proving that he would not only survive but survive well and free from the need for doctors’ interventions in his final days[6].
Within the last ten years of his life he climbed many of the major peaks of the Lake District[5]. He viewed his home and garden in Keswick as his ‘little piece of heaven’, and died peacefully there, with his family with him, on 16 November 2005.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Obituary: Donald Watson". BBC. November 18, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4450376.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
- ^ a b c d e "Interview with Donald Watson - Vegan Founder". Foods for Life. December 15, 2002. http://www.foodsforlife.org.uk/people/Donald-Watson-Vegan/Donald-Watson.html. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
- ^ The Vegan Summer, 2003 Edition.. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
- ^ Donald Watson in Vegan News nº1, November 1944.
- ^ a b Davison, Phil (24 November 2005). "Donald Watson - Founder of veganism and the Vegan Society". Obituary (The Independent). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/donald-watson-516686.html. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
- ^ a b "Donald Watson". Obituary (The Times). December 8, 2005. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article754304.ece. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
- ^ a b Interview with Donald Watson at Vegparadise.com Accessed 2 Nov 2009
- ^ George D Rodger’s Unabridged Interview With Donald Watson on Sunday 15 December 2002
- ^ Elliott, Rose (14 January 2006). "Donald Watson - The first vegan, who invented the word - and outlived his many critics". Obituary (The Guardian). http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2006/jan/14/guardianobituaries.food. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
External links
- First issue of the Vegan Society newsletter November 1944, Published and written by Donald Watson. Accessed November 2009
- Vegan Society main website (contains various, changing information pages and leaflets about Donald Watson)
Categories:- 1910 births
- 2005 deaths
- People from Mexborough
- English agnostics
- English conscientious objectors
- English pacifists
- English vegans
- Veganism
- Animal rights advocates
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