Chieu Hoi

"Viet Cong, beware!" - Chieu Hoi leaflets urging the defection of Viet Cong

The Chiêu Hồi Program ([tɕiə̯w˧ hoj˧˩], loosely translated as "Open Arms"^[1]) was an initiative by the South Vietnamese to encourage defection by the Viet Cong and their supporters to the side of the Government during the Vietnam War.

Campaign

Chieu Hoi Mission by Craig L. Stewart, U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Team IX (CAT IX 1969-70). Painting shows army soldiers airdropping Psy Op leaflets during the Vietnam War.

Defection was urged by means of a propaganda campaign, usually leaflets delivered by artillery shell or dropped over enemy-controlled areas by aircraft, or messages broadcast over areas of South Vietnam.^[1] A number of incentives were offered to those who chose to cooperate, along with psychological warfare to break enemy morale.

Safe conduct pass.

A Chieu Hoi Bag

To further this aim, invitations to defect, which also acted as safe conduct passes, were printed on clear plastic waterproof bags used to carry ammunition for the US soldier's M16 assault rifle. Each bag held one magazine, and was sealed up to prevent moisture from the jungle's humid climate from damaging the contents. When the magazine was needed during a firefight with the enemy, the bag would be torn open and discarded, in the hope that it would later be discovered by enemy troops who would read the text and consider defection.

By 1967 approximately 75,000 defections had been recorded, but analysts speculate that less than 25% of those were genuine.^[2] The program had some difficulty catching on, due in part to the culture gap—such as misspellings and unintentionally offensive statements—and worsened by communist reprisals against defectors and their families.^[3][4] To make matters worse, as testified by Sergeant Scott Camil during the 1971 Winter Soldier Investigation, the passes were sometimes ignored by U.S. forces, and their holders shot while surrendering.^[5]

Overall, however, the Chieu Hoi program was considered to be successful.^[6] Those who surrendered were known as "Hoi Chanh", and were often integrated into allied units as Kit Carson Scouts, operating in the same area where they had been captured. Many made great contributions to the effectiveness of U.S. units, and often distinguished themselves, earning decorations as high as the Silver Star.^[1] The program was relatively inexpensive, and removed over 100,000 combatants from the field.

See also

• Kit Carson Scouts

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Kelley, Michael P. (2002). Where We Were In Vietnam. Hellgate Press. pp. F–13. ISBN 1-55571-625-3. 
2. ^ Beckett, Ian (2001). Modern Insurgencies and Counter-insurgencies. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 9780415239332. http://books.google.com/books?id=iQN4ifavThMC&pg=PA198&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
3. ^ Cragin, Kim (2005). Dissuading Terror. Rand Corporation. p. 31. ISBN 9780833037046. http://books.google.com/books?id=ompNO_knR6MC&pg=PA31&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
4. ^ Glyn, Alan. Witness to Viet Nam. p. 203. 
5. ^ Testimony of Scott Camil, Winter Soldier Investigation
6. ^ Carafano, James Jay (2008). Mismanaging Mayhem. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98. ISBN 0313348928. http://books.google.com/books?id=XvwPiHZeyIIC&pg=PA98&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 

References

News

• "Moving Forward". TIME. 1966-09-23. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842793,00.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
• "Allies' Aims & Hopes, In War & Peace". TIME. 1966-11-04. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842925,00.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
• "Charlie, Come Home!". TIME. 1967-02-10. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840822,00.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
• "Coming On Over". TIME. 1967-04-14. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,836946,00.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
• "After Crossing Over". TIME. 1968-08-23. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838610,00.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
• Jenkins, Brian Michael (2005-06-26). "Strategy: Political warfare neglected". San Diego Union Tribune. http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050626/news_mz1e26jenkin.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
• Gerwehr, Scott; Nina Hachigian (2005-08-25). "In Iraq's Prisons, Try a Little Tenderness". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E4DB1E3EF936A1575BC0A9639C8B63. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 
• Andrade, Dale (2006-11-03). "Too Soon To Rule Out Amnesty". Washington Post. pp. A21. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/02/AR2006110201600.html. Retrieved 2007-09-30. 

Reports

• Carrier, J.M.; C.A.H. Thomson (May 1966) (PDF). Viet Cong Motivation And Morale: The Special Case Of Chieu Hoi. RAND. RM-4830-2-ISA/ARPA. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/2006/RM4830-2.pdf. 
• Kellen, Konrad (September 1970) (PDF). Conversations With Enemy Soldiers In Late 1968/Early 1969: A Study Of Motivation And Morale. RAND. RM-6131-1-ISA/ARPA. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/2005/RM6131-1.pdf. 
• Koch, J.A. (January 1973) (PDF). The Chieu Hoi Program in South Vietnam, 1963-1971 (DECLASSIFIED). RAND. R-1172-ARPA. http://rand.org/pubs/reports/2006/R1172.pdf. 
• Long, Austin (2006) (PDF). On 'Other War': Lessons from Five Decades of RAND Counterinsurgency Research. RAND. ISBN 0-8330-3926-1. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2006/RAND_MG482.pdf. 

External links

• The Chieu Hoi Program of Vietnam
• Chieu Hoi Leaflet Collection
• Vietnam War "Flag" Safe Conduct Passes
• Vietnam War Chieu Hoi