Defection

Defection

In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state or political entity in exchange for allegiance to another. More broadly, it involves abandoning a person, cause or doctrine to whom or to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty.[1][2]

This term is also applied, often pejoratively, to anyone who switches loyalty to another religion, sports team, political party, or other rival faction. In that sense, the defector is often considered a traitor.[3][4]

Contents

International politics

A memorial to those who could not cross the Berlin Wall alive stood for ten months in 2004 and 2005 near Checkpoint Charlie.

The physical act of defection is usually in a manner which violates the laws of the nation or political entity from which the person is seeking to depart. By contrast, mere changes in citizenship, or working with allied militia, usually does not violate any law.

For example, in the 1950s, East Germans were increasingly prohibited from traveling to the Western Federal Republic of Germany where they were automatically regarded as citizens according to Exclusive mandate. The Berlin Wall and fortifications along the Inner German border were erected by the Communist East German Democratic Republic in 1961 to enforce the policy. When people tried to "defect" from the GDR they were to be shot on sight. Several hundred people were killed along the border in their Republikflucht attempt. Official crossings did exist, but permissions to leave temporarily or permanently were seldom granted. On the other hand, the GDR citizenship of some "inconvenient" East Germans was revoked, and they had to leave their home on short notice against their will. Others, like singer Wolf Biermann, were prohibited from returning to the GDR.

During the Cold War, the many people illegally emigrating from the Soviet Union or Eastern Bloc to the West were called defectors. Westerners defected to the Eastern Bloc as well, often to avoid prosecution as spies. Some of the more famous cases were British spy Kim Philby, who defected to Russia to avoid exposure as a KGB mole, and 22 Allied POWs (one Briton and twenty-one Americans) who declined repatriation after the Korean War, electing to remain in China.

When the individual leaves his country and provides information to a foreign intelligence service, he is a HUMINT source defector. In some cases, defectors remain in the country or with the political entity they were against, functioning as a defector in place.

Famous defectors

No Kum-Sok (later Kenneth Rowe) is known for having been a lieutenant in the North Korean Air Force during the Korean War who defected to South Korea. On September 21, 1953, he flew his MiG-15 to the Kimpo Air Base in South Korea, claiming that he wanted to get away from the "red deceit" and is often associated with Operation Moolah.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/defection "de·fec·tion [dih-fek-shuhn] noun (1.) desertion from allegiance, loyalty, duty, or the like; apostasy: His defection to East Germany was regarded as treasonable. (2.) failure; lack; loss: He was overcome by a sudden defection of courage." Retrieved 22MARCH2011.
  2. ^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/defector "de·fec·tor [dih-fek-ter] –noun a person who defects from a cause, country, alliance, etc. Origin: 1655–65; < Latin dēfector renegade, rebel, equivalent to dēfec- (variant stem of dēficere to become disaffected, revolt, literally, to fail; see defect) + -tor -tor" Retrieved 22MARCH2011.
  3. ^ http://www.thefreedictionary.com/defector "de·fect (dfkt, d-fkt) n. (1.) The lack of something necessary or desirable for completion or perfection; a deficiency: a visual defect. (2.) An imperfection that causes inadequacy or failure; a shortcoming. See Synonyms at blemish. intr.v. (d-fkt) de·fect·ed, de·fect·ing, de·fects (1.) To disown allegiance to one's country and take up residence in another: a Soviet citizen who defected to Israel. (2.) To abandon a position or association, often to join an opposing group: defected from the party over the issue of free trade. [Middle English, from Latin dfectus, failure, want, from past participle of dficere, to desert, be wanting : d-, de- + facere, to do; see dh- in Indo-European roots.]" Retrieved 22MARCH2011.
  4. ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=defector "defector 1660s, agent noun in Latin form from defect, or else from L. defector "revolter," agent noun from deficere (see deficient)." Retrieved 22MARCH2011.
  5. ^ "Factsheets: Story of the MiG-15." National Museum of the United States Air Force.

External links


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  • défection — [ defɛksjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1680; « éclipse » XIIIe; lat. defectio, de deficere → défectif 1 ♦ Abandon (par qqn) d une cause, d un parti. ⇒ désertion. Défection générale, massive. On signale la défection de nombreux militants. Faire défection :… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • defection — defection, desertion, apostasy mean an abandonment that involves the breaking of a moral or legal bond or tie and that is highly culpable from the point of view of the person, cause, or party abandoned. Defection emphasizes both the fact of one s …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

  • défection — DÉFECTION. s. f. Abandonnement d un parti auquel on est lié. Il se dit De sujets qui abandonnent leur Prince, de troupes qui abandonnent leur Général, d alliés qui abandonnent leurs alliés. Apres la défection de ces troupes, il ne fut plus en… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798

  • Defection — De*fec tion, n. [L. defectio: cf. F. d[ e]fection. See {Defect}.] Act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself; desertion; failure in duty; a falling away; apostasy;… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • defection — Defection. s. f. Revolte, rebellion, soustraction de l obeïssance deuë. Il ne se dit guere qu en parlant des Troupes lorsqu elles se mutinent & abandonnent le service. Aprés la defection de ses troupes, il ne fut plus en estat de disputer l… …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie française

  • Defection — Defection, lat., Abfall; Schwäche …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • defection — index abandonment (desertion), abjuration, absence (nonattendance), bad faith, dereliction, desertion …   Law dictionary

  • defection — 1540s, action of failing; 1550s, action of deserting a party, leader, etc. from L. defectionem (nom. defectio) desertion, revolt, failure, noun of action from pp. stem of deficere (see DEFICIENT (Cf. deficient)). Originally used often of faith …   Etymology dictionary

  • defection — [n] abandonment alienation, apostasy, backsliding, deficiency, dereliction, desertion, disaffection, disloyalty, disownment, divorce, estrangement, failing, failure, faithlessness, forsaking, lack, parting, rebellion, recreancy, rejection,… …   New thesaurus

  • defection — [dē fek′shən, difek′shən] n. [L defectio < defectus: see DEFECT] 1. abandonment of loyalty, duty, or principle; desertion 2. the act of defecting from one s country 3. a failing or failure …   English World dictionary

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