Glycogen synthase

protein
Name=glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)
caption=

width=
HGNCid=4706
Symbol=GYS1
AltSymbols=GYS
EntrezGene=2997
OMIM=138570
RefSeq=NM_002103
UniProt=P13807
PDB=
ECnumber=2.4.1.11
Chromosome=19
Arm=q
Band=13.3
LocusSupplementaryData=protein
Name=glycogen synthase 2 (liver)
caption=

width=
HGNCid=4707
Symbol=GYS2
AltSymbols=
EntrezGene=2998
OMIM=138571
RefSeq=NM_021957
UniProt=P54840
PDB=
ECnumber=2.4.1.11
Chromosome=12
Arm=p
Band=12.2
LocusSupplementaryData=-11.2

Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase') is a glycosyltransferase enzyme (EC number 2.4.1) that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucose and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)_n to yield UDP and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)_n+1.

In other words, this enzyme converts excess glucose residues one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as glycogen. Its presence in the bloodstream is highest in the 30 to 60 minutes following intense exercise. It is a key enzyme in glycogenesis.

Regulation

The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as glucose-6-phosphate, by phosphorylation reactions, and indirectly triggered by the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreases its activity.

Pathology

A deficiency is associated with glycogen storage disease type 0.

References

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

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Glycogen synthase

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