Alcohol and weight

Alcohol and weight is a subject relevant to millions of people who like to drink alcoholic beverages and who also either want to maintain or to lose body weight. It is uncertain whether alcohol leads to increase in body weight or if it does not. Some studies find an increase in body weight, some studies do not, and some find a small decrease among women who begin consuming alcohol [Cordain, L;, Bryan, E D; Melby, C L; Smith, M J [http://intl.jacn.org/cgi/content/abstract/16/2/134 Influence of moderate daily wine consumption on body weight regulation and metabolism in healthy free-living males] "Journal of the American College of Nutrition" 1997, Vol 16, Issue 2 134-139.] (Colditz "et al".; Hellerstedt "et al".; Istvan "et al".; Jequer; Kahn "et al".; Klesges "et al".; Landes; Liu "et al".; Mannisto "et al"., 1996; Mannisto "et al"., 1997; Prentice; Arif & Rohrer, 2005). Some of these studies are very large; one involved nearly 80,000 and another included 140,000 subjects.

These findings are inconclusive because alcohol itself contains 7 calories per gram, and most alcoholic drinks also contain carbohydrates. The reason that alcohol may not increase weight is unclear, but research suggests that alcohol energy is not efficiently used. Alcohol also appears to increase metabolic rate significantly, thus causing more calories to be burned rather than stored in the body as fat (Klesges "et al"., 1994). Other research has found consumption of sugar to decrease as consumption of alcohol increases.Fact|date=April 2007

The research results do not necessarily mean that people who wish to lose weight should continue to consume alcohol because consumption is known to have an enhancing effect on appetite. The relationship between alcohol and weight remains unresolved and will remain so until more research is conducted that can clarify any apparent discrepancies in findings.

References

*Arif, A. A. & Rohrer, J. E. Patterns of Alcohol Drinking and its Association with Obesity: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. "BMC Public Health", 2005 5 December), (5), 126.
*Colditz, G., et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2058587 Alcohol intake in relation to diet and obesity in women and men] American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1991, 54, 49-55.
*Hellerstedt, W. L., et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2206044&dopt=Abstract The association between alcohol intake and adiposity in the general population] American Journal of Epidemiology, 1990, 132(4), 594-611.
*Istvan, J., et al. [http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/3/543 The relationship between patterns of alcohol consumption and body weight] International Journal of Epidemiology, 1995, 24(3), 543-546.
*Jequier, E. [http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/69/2/173?ck=nck Alcohol intake and body weight: a paradox] American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 69, 173-174.
*Kahn, H. S., et al. Stable behaviors associated with adults' 10-year change in body mass index and the likelihood of gain at the waist. American Journal of Public Health, 1997(5), 747-754.
*Klesges, R. C., et al. [http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/59/4/805 Effects of alcohol intake on resting energy expenditure in young women social drinkers] American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1994, 59, 805-809.
*Landis, W. E. M.. Alcohol and energy intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1995, 62(suppl.), 11015-11068.
*Liu, S., et al. A proscriptive study of alcohol intake and change in body weight among US adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1994, 140(10), 912-920.
*Mannisto, S., et al. Alcohol beverage drinking, diet and body mass index in a cross-national survey, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1997, 151, 326-332.
*Männistö S, et al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8730611&dopt=Citation Reported alcohol intake, diet and body mass index in male smokers] European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1996, 50, 239-245.
*Prentice, A. M. Alcohol and obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 1995, 19(suppl. 5), S44-S50.

External links

* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3498373&dopt=Citation Alcohol and Body Weight in the United States]
*Barry Groves' article [http://www.second-opinions.co.uk/alcohol.html Alcohol and Weight Loss]
* [http://www.weightlosswand.com/nutrients/alcohol-make-fat.html Can Alcohol Make You Fat?]
* [http://www.dailyweightlosstips.net/calories-in-alcohol-table/ Calories in Alcohol table]