Herbert Wohlfarth

Infobox Military Person
name=Herbert Wohlfarth
born=birth date|1915|6|15|df=y
died=death date and age|1982|08|13|1915|6|5|df=y
placeofbirth=Kanazawa, Japan
placeofdeath= Germany


caption=
nickname=
allegiance=flagicon|Nazi Germany Nazi Germany
serviceyears=1933 - 1945
rank=Kapitänleutnant
branch=navy|Nazi Germany
commands=
unit=U-14, U-137, U-556
battles=World War II
awards=Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class
U-boat War Badge
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
relations=
laterwork=

Herbert Wohlfarth (5 June 1915–13 August 1982)was a successful World War II U-boat commander.

Naval career

Herbert Wohlfarth began his naval career in April 1933. After the usual training he spent more than a year on the cruiser "Admiral Graf Spee". In May 1937 he joined the U-boat force, and like many of the later successful commanders received a solid pre-war training under Karl Dönitz. After some months as aide-de-camp in the Third Flotilla "Lohs", in September 1938 he became watch officer on U-16.

On 19 October 1939 Oberleutnant zur See Wohlfarth took command of "U-14". On his first three patrols he sank nine mostly smaller ships in Scottish and Norwegian waters. The fourth patrol with "U-14" was for him, as for most other commanders during Operation Hartmut against Norway, without success [ [http://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck/men_involved/wohlfahrt.html Bismarck Portrait of the Men Involved] ] .

On 15 June 1940 Wohlfarth commissioned "U-137", also a Type IIB boat, referred to as "Einbaum" (dugout canoe). But these small boats were also very successful and other well-known commanders including Hardegen, Kretschmer and Lüth won their first successes in them.

Wohlfarth led "U-137" on three patrols during the autumn of 1940. He sank six ships for a total of 19,557 tons, mostly in the area south of the Hebrides. Especially notable was his torpedo hit on the 10,552-ton armed merchant cruiser "Cheshire", damaging the ship so badly that she had to spend six months in the shipyard for repairs [ [http://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck/men_involved/wohlfahrt.html Bismarck Portrait of the Men Involved] ] .

On 15 December 1940 "Kapitänleutnant" Wohlfarth left "U-137" and two months later commissioned the Type VIIC boat "U-556". On his first patrol in the Atlantic with this new boat he sank four ships for a total of 18,583 tons and damaged two more.

On 15 May 1941 he received the Knight's Cross while still on patrol, but during his return to Wilhelmshaven, ten days before his 26th birthday, and returning from a combat patrol on 26 May 1941 Wohlfahrt responded to a call for all "U-Boats" in the Bay of Biscay to support the German battleship "Bismarck's" increasingly deteriorating position. The aircraft carrier "Ark Royal", "Renown" and battleship "King George V" had a lucky escape during the night. The British ships were unaware they had come within firing range of "Kapitänleutnant" Herbert Wohlfarth's "U-556". However "U-556" had spent its torpedoes. This was particularly galling for Wohlfahrt, as U-556 and Bismarck had exercised together in the Baltic. U-556 continued to shadow the British forces, reporting their position and guiding other U-Boats to the area [Jackson 2002, p. 49.] . Wohlfarth witnessed the night battles between "Bismarck" and British destroyers.

Prisoner of War

On 19 June 1941 Wohlfarth started his second patrol on "U-556", but just eight days later his boat was sunk in the North Atlantic southwest of Iceland by the British corvettes "Nasturtium", "Celandine" and "Gladiolus". He and most of his crew were captured; one officer and four men were killed.

Wohlfarth then spent more than six years in English and Canadian prisoner of war camps. His war record stood at 21 ships sunk, totalling 66,032 tons, and three more damaged, totalling 20,455 tons. He returned to Germany on 14 July 1947.

Wohlfarth died on 13 August 1982 in Villingen, Germany, at the age of 67 years old. In 1989, three days after what would have been his 74th birthday, the wreck of "Bismarck" was located.

Promotions

* "Fähnrich zur See" on 1 July 1934
* "Oberfähnrich zur See" on 1 April 1936
* "Leutnant zur See" on 1 October 1936
* "Oberleutnant zur See" on 1 June 1938
* "Kapitänleutnant" on 1 October 1940

Decorations

* Iron Cross 2nd Class on 6 October 1939
* U-boat War Badge on 20 December 1939
* Iron Cross 1st Class on 1 October 1940
* Knights Cross on 15 May 1941

U-boat Commands

* four patrols in U-14 from 19 October 1939 to 1 June 1940
* three patrols in U-137 from 15 June 1940 to 14 December 1940
* two patrols in U-556 from 6 February 1941 to 27 June 1941

References

* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000). "Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939-1945". Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
* Jackson, Robert (2002). "The Bismarck". Weapons of War: London. ISBN 1-86227-173-9.
* Kurowski, Franz (1995). "Knight's Cross Holders of the U-Boat Service". Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-88740-748-X.
* Range, Clemens (1974). "Die Ritterkreuzträger der Kriegsmarine". Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-87943-355-0.;External links
* [http://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck/miscellaneous/special_bond/specialbond.html The Special Bond between the Bismarck and U-556]
* [http://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck/men_involved/wohlfahrt.html Herbert Wohlfahrt]
* [http://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck/men_involved/wohlfahrt.html Bismarck Portrait of the Men Involved]