- Objectivism and homosexuality
-
Objectivist movement OrganizationsLiteratureCapitalism: The Unknown Ideal
For the New Intellectual
The New Left
Philosophy: Who Needs It
The Romantic Manifesto
The Virtue of Selfishness
The Voice of Reason
Objectivist periodicals
Journal of Ayn Rand StudiesRelated topicsLibertarianism and Objectivism
Objectivism and homosexuality
Objectivist movement in India
Randian hero
Philosophical movementPhilosophy portal Objectivism is a philosophy created by Ayn Rand, which some homosexuals have been interested in for its celebration of personal freedom and individuality at the expense of government power. Although her personal views of homosexuality were unambiguously negative, Rand consistently advocated the right to freedom, protection and equality for homosexuals in the public sphere while opposing laws against discrimination affecting the private sector.
Contents
Ayn Rand
Moral views
In 1971, Rand published The New Left, a collection of essays that attacked feminism and the sexual liberation movements, including the gay rights movement. Rand called them "hideous" for their demand for what she considered "special privileges" from the government. She addressed homosexuality in the course of an attack on feminism, stating that "[T]o proclaim spiritual sisterhood with lesbians... is so repulsive a set of premises from so loathsome a sense of life that an accurate commentary would require the kind of language I do not like to see in print."[1]
In response to questions from the audience at the two Ford Hall Forum lectures she gave at Northeastern University, Rand explained her views in more detail. In her 1968 lecture, she said, "I do not approve of such practices or regard them as necessarily moral, but it is improper for the law to interfere with a relationship between consenting adults."[2] In 1971, Rand reiterated this position, then added that homosexuality "involves psychological flaws, corruptions, errors, or unfortunate premises", concluding that homosexuality "is immoral, and more than that; if you want my really sincere opinion, it's disgusting."[3]
Harry Binswanger, of the Ayn Rand Institute writes that, while Rand generally condemned homosexuality, she would adopt a somewhat modified view of it "when she was in an especially good mood."[4] Further, intellectual heir Leonard Peikoff stated that there were people with whom Rand was "just as close, knowing full well that they were homosexual" and that "she certainly regarded some of them as Objectivists."[5]
Political views
Despite her negative views about the morality of homosexuality, Rand took a much more tolerant view of the legal rights of homosexuals.[6] She endorsed rights that protect gays from discrimination by the government (such as apartheid), but rejected the right to be protected from discrimination in the private sector (such as employment discrimination).[7] The basis of this conclusion was not related to her feelings about homosexuality, but rather a product of her stand on property rights. Rand supported the right of a private property owner to discriminate, even on a basis that she condemned as immoral, such as racism, and that any act of the government to change this would be an intrusion on individual rights.
On sex roles
Rand asserted that "the essence of femininity is hero worship — the desire to look up to man" and that "an ideal woman is a man-worshipper, and an ideal man is the highest symbol of mankind."[8] In other words, Rand felt that it was part of human nature for a psychologically healthy woman to want to be ruled in sexual matters by a man worthy of ruling her. In an authorized article in The Objectivist, psychotherapist Nathaniel Branden, Rand's extramarital lover and onetime "intellectual heir," explains Rand's view as the idea that "man experiences the essence of his masculinity in the act of romantic dominance; woman experiences the essence of her femininity in the act of romantic surrender."[9]
After Rand's death
After Rand's death in 1982, her heir, Leonard Peikoff, publicly disagreed with some of her views. Peikoff argued that homosexuality itself is not open to moral judgment. Other contemporary Objectivists generally continue to support the view that, while government should not discriminate for or against homosexuals in any way, private individuals and private organizations should be free to do so.
In 1983, Branden wrote that Rand was "absolutely and totally ignorant” about homosexuality. Branden added that he saw her perspective "as calamitous, as wrong, as reckless, as irresponsible, and as cruel, and as one which I know has hurt too many people who ... looked up to her and assumed that if she would make that strong a statement she must have awfully good reasons."[10]
According to an FAQ from The Atlas Society (formerly The Objectivist Center):
While many conservatives believe that homosexuality should be outlawed and many liberals believe that homosexuals should be given special rights, Objectivism holds that as long as no force is involved, people have the right to do as they please in sexual matters, whether or not their behavior is considered by others to be or is in fact moral. And since individual rights are grounded in the nature of human beings as human beings, homosexuals do not deserve any more or less rights than heterosexuals.[11]
Objectivist psychologist Michael J. Hurd supports gay marriage as falling under the rights of individuals to associate voluntarily. Unlike Rand, however, he does not view homosexuality as immoral, stating that "a gay marriage... though unconventional and highly controversial, can be a loving and highly satisfying union between two individuals."[12][13]
Objectivist psychologists Ellen Kenner and Edwin A. Locke express opinions similar to those of Hurd.[14][15]
See also
- Libertarian perspectives on gay rights
References
- ^ "The Age of Envy"
- ^ Ayn Rand Answers, p. 18
- ^ The Moratorium on Brains, Q & A, 00:12:00 to 00:14:00
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.peikoff.com/tag/sex/page/2/#list
- ^ Ayn Rand Answers p. 18
- ^ Ayn Rand at 100
- ^ Mehr Freiheit
- ^ The Psychology of Self-Esteem, Nathaniel Branden, 1969
- ^ "Ayn Rand and Homosexuality" Paul Varnell, Chicago Free Press reprinted
- ^ Moskovitz, D. (1/5/2002). "Homosexuality". The Objectivist Center. http://www.atlassociety.org/homosexuality-moral. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
- ^ Hurd, Michael J. (April 24, 2004). "Gay Marriage". Capitalism Magazine. http://www.capmag.com/article.asp?id=3612. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
- ^ Romance: Bringing Love and Sex Together (CD)
- ^ The Rational Basis of Homosexuality, Kenner
- ^ Dr. Kenner on Romance
- Sciabarra, Chris Matthew (2003). Ayn Rand, Homosexuality, and Human Liberation. Cape Town, South Africa: Leap Publishing. ISBN 0-958-4573-3-6.
- "The Female Hero: A Randian-Feminist Synthesis", Thomas Gramstad (1999) [2]
External links
- Ayn Rand and Homosexuality, Chicago Free Press article by Paul Varnell
Ayn Rand Bibliography Novels- We the Living (1936)
- Anthem (1938)
- The Fountainhead (1943)
- Atlas Shrugged (1957)
Non-fiction books- For the New Intellectual (1961)
- Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology (1979)
- The Art of Fiction (2000)
Screenplays- Red Pawn (1932)
- Love Letters (1945)
- You Came Along (1945)
- The Fountainhead (1949)
Essay collections- The Virtue of Selfishness (1964)
- Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal (1966)
- The Romantic Manifesto (1969)
- The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution (1971)
- Philosophy: Who Needs It (1982)
- The Voice of Reason (1989)
Other- Night of January 16th (1934)
- The Early Ayn Rand (1984)
- Letters of Ayn Rand (1995)
- Journals of Ayn Rand (1997)
- Objectivist periodicals
Philosophy - Objectivism
- Objectivist movement
- Libertarianism and Objectivism
- Objectivism and homosexuality
- Romantic realism
- Randian hero
Biographical depictions - Ayn Rand and the World She Made
- Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life
- Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical
- Goddess of the Market
- Judgment Day
- The Passion of Ayn Rand (book)
- The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)
Notable adaptations - We the Living (1937 film)
- The Fountainhead (1949 film)
- Atlas Shrugged: Part I (2011 film)
Categories:- LGBT rights
- Objectivist philosophy
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.