Noroton River

Coordinates: 41°04′37″N 73°31′01″W / 41.0770°N 73.5170°W / 41.0770; -73.5170

Scene from a spot along the river, as shown in a postcard mailed in 1911

The Noroton River is a 9.4-mile-long (15.1 km)^[1] stream flowing into Holly Pond and forming most of the border between Stamford and Darien, Connecticut, USA. The river's headwaters are in New Canaan, Connecticut. It is the largest flowing body of water between Mill River/Rippowam River to the west and Five Mile River to the east, although Stony Brook and the Goodwives River in Darien are not much smaller.

Pollution runoff from Interstate 95 flows down the Noroton River into Holly Pond. In 2009, the Stamford and Darien local governments asked the federal government for an $11.7 million grant (to fund 65 percent of an $18 million project) for "dredging and ecosystem restoration" in the pond and river, including "construction of wetlands, bioswales and other restoration structures".^[2]

Two restaurants are located at the mouth of the river, where U.S. Route 1 (known as the Boston Post Road on the Darien side and East Main Street on the Stamford side) crosses it. Both feature windows offering diners a view of the river.^[3] The restaurant on the north side is in Stamford. On the south side, the current Giovanni's II Steakhouse is the most recent business to occupy a lot where restaurants have been sited since the early 20th century.

Geography

To the west of the river is the Glenbrook and Springdale sections of Stamford; to the east are the Noroton and Noroton Heights sections of Darien. At its southern end, the stream forms a small valley between Noroton Hill to the west and Hollow Tree Ridge to the east. Farther north, in New Canaan, Ponus Ridge is to the east.

Crossings

North from the mouth of the river (Stamford-Darien border):

• U.S. Route 1 -- Boston Post Road (in Darien), East Main Street (in Stamford)
• Interstate 95
• Maple Tree Avenue (Stamford)/West Avenue (Darien)
• Connecticut Route 106 -- Glenbrook Road (Stamford)/Middlesex Road (Darien)
• Camp Avenue
• Woodway Road

In New Canaan:

• U.S. Route 15 -- Merritt Parkway
• Jelliff Mill Road (named after Jelliff Mill, where a dam of the river creates Jelliff Mill Pond
• Indian Waters Drive
• Frogtown Road
• Wahackme Road (where the river goes through a bird sanctuary)
• Greenley Road
• West Road
• Country Club Road

History

Before the 20th century

The Siwanoy sachendom of the Wappinger tribe had settled the area before the English came. At the mouth of the river, Indians had a village named "Noroaton".^[4]

The area surrounding the river became part of Stamford in the 17th century. In the 1680s, one of the earliest settlements of the English in Darien was founded near the east side of the river, on "Noroton Cove" (the former name of Holly Pond). The settlement included a sawmill built by a dam on the river, just north of where Interstate 95 now crosses it.^[5]

During the Revolutionary War, Stephen Weed was released from the infamous Sugar House Prison in New York City in a prisoner exchange. The New Canaan resident then built a stone fort near his home on the east side of the stream, just south of where Frogtown Road crosses the Noroton.^[6] "He steadily insisted that the British would raid the parish and that this line of march would be up the Noroton River valley," according to Charles P. Morton's Landmarks of New Canaan, published by the New Canaan Historical Society in 1951. To the south, Middlesex Parish (which later became the town of Darien) had been raided several times during the Revolution. Weed manned the fort as a precaution against a possible attack for nine years, long after the war was over.^[6]

On August 10, 1889, a resident clamming near the mouth of the river reported an encounter with a sea serpent, which he said lifted its head right alongside his boat. He described the beast (in the words of a Boston Daily Globe report) as having "a large black head and its back was a copper color. It ran a big red tongue out of its mouth and emitted a hissing sound." Various other people along the shore said they, too, saw the creature at the same time and described it as "very long". According to the Globe, "It was seen by over a dozen reputable people and is confirmed by three or four women who got a glance of it and then ran screaming into the woods." For the next week, people hunted the purported creature up and down the river, but it was never found. "All sorts of things come up the Noroton from time to time," according to the Globe article. "Last year a shark was killed at almost the identical spot where the sea serpent was seen this time."^[7]

20th century

In 1912, a New York Times article on recreational summer streetcar trips recommended taking in the view at the Noroton River bridge:^[8]

Stand on the bridge over the Noroton at Stamford and take in the first of a series of beautiful pictures that everywhere meet the tourist's gaze. Here is historic interest again, many Revolutionary incidents having taken place around the neighborhood.

The "Revolutionary incidents" in Noroton during the American Revolution were raids by Tories based on Long Island, across the sound, sometimes resulting in fatalities—the incidents that terrified Stephen Weed in the late 18th century. The trolley stopped at the Noroton River, where passengers needed to disembark, walk across the bridge and take another trolley car because there was no through connection at the time. In December 1914, the Darien and Stamford governments agreed to help finance a widening of the bridge taking the Post Road over the Noroton River so that an electric streetcar line could operate over it. The gap in streetcar service was the last one between New York City and Boston.^[9]

The Phillips family, heirs of Charles Henry Phillips, who created Phillips Milk of Magnesia, long had a Tudor-style mansion on a four-acre lot along the Noroton River in Glenbrook (where the first Milk of Magnesia factory was located). In the mid-1980s, the property was converted into a condominium development called "River Walk".^[10]

Frank Lloyd Wright, working with a landscape architect, Frank Okamura, reshaped a portion of the river running through a 13-acre New Canaan estate for which Wright designed the Rayward-Shepherd House (built between 1956 and 1968).^[11]

Flooding on August 19, 1955, caused seven Darien families to be evacuated from their homes along the river.^[12] On October 16, two days of heavy rain caused the river to again flood, weakening the roadbed of the New Haven Line and causing 20 cars of a freight train (but not the engine) to derail on the Stamford side of the river just after midnight. None of the six-member crew was hurt.^[13] After the flooding, one of a number of floods in the Northeastern United States caused by the same rains, the river "twisted madly through a 120-foot gap in the roadbed" of the New Haven Line near Glenbrook.^[14]

In 1960, Peter Franchina owned the restaurant (then called "Franchina's") on the west side of the river where East Main Street crosses the Noroton. At the time, Franchina wanted to build a hotel behind the restaurant and sought a zoning change to allow for parking. Residents on Brookside Drive, parallel to the river on the Darien side, objected, telling the Stamford Planning and Zoning Commission that the property would become an eyesore, and the change might interfere with sewer and water easements. The motel was never built.^[15]

References

1. ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed April 1, 2011
2. ^ Letter from Stamford Mayor Dannel Malloy to U.S. Representative Chris Hines, November 25, 2009, retrieved September 26, 2010
3. ^ Brooks, Patricia, "Dining Out; ITALIAN CUISINE AND A RIVER VIEW", restaurant review, January 17, 1982, New York Times, ("[A]t lunch you have a pleasant view of the Noroton River. The restaurant is on the highway, but was planned to face away from the busy thoroughfare, with windows only on the river side.); Brooks, Patricia, "Barbecue, Self-Service and No Frills", restaurant review, May 18, 1997, New York Times, ("If you are lucky enough to get a window table, you can see the Noroton River rushing past below [...]"), both retrieved September 26, 2010
4. ^ Web page titled "New York Indian Tribes" at the Access Genealogy website, retrieved September 26, 2010
5. ^ "In Search of the Past: A self-Guided Tour of Darien" by Patricia Q. Wall, a 20-page booklet published by the Darien Historical Society in 1986.
6. ^ ^{a b} Duff, Beth Longware, "Streete Signs", article, New Canaan/Darien & Rowayton magazine, January 2008 (the article quotes Charles Morton), retrieved September 26, 2010
7. ^ "Sea Serpent Season Opens", article, August 18, 1889, The Boston Daily Globe, as reprinted at the Cryptomundo website, retrieved September 26, 2010
8. ^ "Trolley Trips in the Vicinity of New York", July 7, 1912, New York Times, retrieved September 26, 2010
9. ^ "Petition by John C. Turner and others against the Connecticut Company", pp 89-90, Atlantic Reporter, Volume 101, West Publishing Company (1917), retrieved via Google Books on September 26, 2010
10. ^ Foderaro, Lisa, "POSTINGS: Along the Norton; A 'Missing Link' for Stamford", November 23, 1986, New York Times, retrieved September 26, 2010
11. ^ Bernstein, Fred A., "When A Famous Architect Designed the House For Sale", March 25, 1979, New York Times, retrieved September 26, 2010
12. ^ "Families Evacuated" (no byline), August 20, 1955, New York Times, retrieved September 26, 2010
13. ^ "Rains Halt All Operations of New Haven in Four States: Twenty Cars of Freight Train Derailed West of Darien--Floods Rage Through Many Towns in Connecticut", October 16, 1955, New York Times, retrieved September 26, 2010
14. ^ Dean, Clarence, "Connecticut's Flooded Valleys Offer Scene of Havoc From Air", October 18, 1955, New York Times, retrieved September 26, 2010
15. ^ "From the Archives of The Stamford Advocate The Week of April 4", April 4, 2010, The Advocate of Stamford, Connecticut, retrieved September 26, 2010