Noel Doherty

Noel Doherty (born c. 1940) was a Northern Irish loyalist activist who was close to Ian Paisley during his early years in politics. He served as leader of the Ulster Protestant Volunteers and was imprisoned for his involvement in procuring explosives for that movement.

Early years

As a young man in school Doherty had been noted for his fundamentalism and had frequent fierce rows with his classmates about the nature of such issues as creation and Virgin birth, with Doherty refusing to brook any deviation from a literal interpretation of the Bible.^[1] Attracted to fundamentalism, Doherty joined the Ravenhill Road congregation of the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster in 1956 and soon became close to its leader the Reverend Ian Paisley.^[2] He also joined the Ulster Special Constabulary ("B Specials") around the same time as he considered them an extension of Protestantism in Northern Ireland.^[1]

Paisley's ally

Although only 16 years of age when Ulster Protestant Action was set up in 1956, Paisley nominated the east Belfast native to a post on the executive body of the newly formed movement.^[3] Doherty also headed up another of Paisley's initiative, the Orange Defence Committee, a group secretly established by Paisley but publicly led by Doherty, in 1963 to co-ordinate opposition to Terence O'Neill within the Orange Order. Paisley had split from the movement three years earlier but Doherty remained a member and so was chosen as leader of the new initiative.^[4] A printer by trade, Doherty oversaw the establishment of Paisley's own printing concern.^[2] In 1965 he bought a second-hand printing press and set up the Puritan Printing Press, which produced Paisley's literature, including his newspaper the Protestant Telegraph.^[5]

Ulster Protestant Volunteers

In 1966 he came up with the idea of establishing the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC) as a governing body of twelve leading loyalists which was to be connected to the Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV), a much bigger body of men which was avowedly committed to legality.^[6] Doherty was appointed as leader of the UPV after it was set up.^[7] Under Paisley's instructions he was to set up "divisions" of the UPV, based on the divisions of parliamentary constituencies, all over Northern Ireland although Doherty soon came to refer to these as "cells" and gave the embryonic movement a highly militarised structure.^[8] Doherty also sought to buy up stashes of guns for the UPV, feeling that they would be needed in a future Paisley-led uprising. However he claimed that Paisley, whom he referred to as "our Moses", had no idea of these plans and argued that he would not have trusted Paisley with the knowledge that the UPV was building up an arsenal.^[9]

Doherty was soon introduced to James Marshall, who said that he could supply Doherty and the UPV with explosives and a meeting was arranged at which Doherty was accompanied by his Billy Mitchell. The explosives would be used in 1969 as part of a series of bombings in which members of the UPV caused small explosions at a Castlereagh electricity station, Silent Valley reservoir and a further electricity station in County Donegal.^[10] Mitchell, who was a member of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), dismissed the attacks as minor claiming that all Doherty had was "a few sticks of weeping gelly an auld farmer would use to blow up tree stumps" but nonetheless the bombings caused an outcry.^[10] Doherty had also joined the UVF and introduced other UVF members to Marshall in order to supply that group with the same bomb-making technology.^[11] He procured explosives for the Shankill Road UVF but during the transaction a business card belonging to one of his associates James Murdock was dropped at the scene and found by police. Doherty was soon connected to the incident and arrested for his involvement, being sentenced to two years imprisonment on 18 October 1966.^[12] The UVF however publicly denied that Doherty was a member of their organisation.^[13]

Doherty was imprisoned in Crumlin Road Gaol and on the day of his imprisonment Paisley made a speech outside the building in which he denied all knowledge of Doherty's offences before announcing that Doherty was forthwith expelled from the UPV and the UCDC.^[14] His position as UCDC secretary was taken over by Hercules Mallon, whose brother Frank was already treasurer of the movement. Both would later be tried for their roles in the 1969 bombing campaign.^[15]

Later years and legacy

Following his release from prison Doherty disappeared from view and was rumoured to have emigrated to Rhodesia and then South Africa in order to fight "terrorists".^[16] He eventually established his own printing press in South Africa.^[17] Doherty was eventually found to be living in England in the 1990s by Peter Taylor who interviewed Doherty as part of his Loyalists documentary and book.^[16] He returned to private life after the interview and his whereabouts are again unknown.

Doherty was notorious for his right-wing conspiratorial beliefs, and was firmly of the conviction that a conspiracy existed between the Catholic Church, the major denominations of Protestantism, the Ecumenical movement, the governments of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, communism and even elements within the Ulster Unionist Party to force a united Ireland and "Rome rule" on Ulster Protestants. His conspiracy theories were taken up by the likes of William McGrath, the founder of Tara, and John McKeague, who established a number of groups including the Shankill Defence Association, Red Hand Commando and Ulster Independence Party.^[13]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Thomas Hennessey, Northern Ireland: The Origins of the Troubles, Gill & Macmillan, 2005, p. 54
2. ^ ^{a b} Steve Bruce, Paisley: Religion and Politics in Northern Ireland, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 80
3. ^ Ed Moloney, Paisley: From Demagogue to Democrat?, Poolbeg, 2008, p. 78
4. ^ Moloney, Paisley, p. 115
5. ^ Moloney, Paisley, p. 120
6. ^ Bruce, Paisley, pp. 80-81
7. ^ Jim Cusack & Henry McDonald, UVF, Poolbeg, 1997, p. 18
8. ^ Taylor, Loyalists, p. 36
9. ^ Taylor, Loyalists, p. 37
10. ^ ^{a b} Bruce, Paisley, p. 81
11. ^ Tim Pat Coogan, The Troubles, Hutchinson, 1995, pp. 49-50
12. ^ Taylor, Loyalists, pp. 38-39
13. ^ ^{a b} Cusack & McDonald, UVF, p. 67
14. ^ Taylor, Loyalists, p. 39
15. ^ Moloney, Paisley, p. 178
16. ^ ^{a b} Peter Taylor, Loyalists, Bloomsbury, 2000, p. 30
17. ^ Moloney, Paisley, p. 135