New Fairy Tales (1844)

New Fairy Tales
Andersen in 1836
Author(s)	Hans Christian Andersen
Original title	Nye Eventyr
Country	Denmark
Language	Danish
Genre(s)	Literary fairy tale collection
Publisher	C. A. Reitzel
Publication date	10 November 1843
Media type	Print

New Fairy Tales (Danish: Nye Eventyr) is a collection of four fairy tales written by Hans Christian Andersen and published by C. A. Reitzel in Copenhagen, Denmark on 10 November 1843. As was customary at the time however, the title page is dated 1844. The tales are completely Andersen's invention, owe no debt to folk or fairy lore, and are the most autobiographical of his several fairy tale collections. The collection was received enthusiastically by the Danish critics and public and became Andersen's break-through in the fairy tale genre. "The Nightingale" and "The Ugly Duckling" have been adapted to various forms of drama.

Contents

All the tales are Andersen's invention and the collection is the most autobiographical of his many works in the fairy tale genre. Andersen himself is the several heroes and heroines in the collection's tales – the awkward duckling, the nightingale, the gilded top.^[1]

"The Angel" tells of a dead child and an angel gathering flowers for Heaven. In a poverty-ridden section of the city, the angel retrieves a lily from a trash heap and explains the flower had cheered a dying child. The angel reveals he was that child. Andersen had been attracted to the sentimental 'dying child' theme since composing the poem, "The Dying Child", during his school days but the immediate catalyst was probably the death of the daughter of Edvard Collin, Andersen's close friend and lifelong homoerotic obsession. The tale suited the taste of the times and was wildly popular. The angel and child were depicted in a print that sold millions of copies.^[2]

In "The Nightingale", the Emperor of China enjoys the songs of both a real nightingale and a mechanical bird. When the mechanical bird breaks down and the Emperor is close to death, the real nightingale's song restores his health. The tale's Chinese setting was inspired by the then recently opened Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, and memorializes Andersen's unrequited love for singer Jenny Lind. The tale was completed in 24 hours on 12 October 1843.^[3] "The Nightingale" sets out in fairy tale form Andersen's artistic maifesto: naturalness and simplicity triumphing over artifice and reason.^[4] The tale is a variation on his earlier The Swineherd.^[5]

Illustration (1850) by Vilhelm Pedersen, Andersen's first illustrator

"The Sweethearts; or, The Top and the Ball" tells of the unrequited love suffered by a mahogany top for a leather ball. When the top discovers the ball years later lying in the dustbin faded and dirty, he refuses to recognize her. The tale is likely based on Andersen's youthful passion for lovely Riborg Voight, a woman who refused his marriage proposal in 1830. He met her again in 1843 when she had become a frumpy, middle-aged matron. The tale is sometimes viewed as a counterpiece to "The Nightingale" in its ushering out of an old love (Voight) and the welcoming in of a new one (Lind).^[2]

In "The Ugly Duckling", an awkward and ungainly bird is ostracized by his barnyard fellows and wanders alone and unhappy until, to everyone's surprise, he matures into a swan, the loveliest bird of all. Andersen spent more than a year writing the tale, and, at one time, said The Ugly Duckling was his autobiography. The tale celebrates the cherished romantic view of genius over background and culture – "it doesn't matter being born in a duckyard if you're hatched from a swan's egg!" Of Andersen's many tales of transformation, "The Ugly Duckling" has gained the greatest universal appeal. Thirty years after its publication, the Spectator wrote that the tale was – like Solomon's proverbs – "in everyone's mouth" and the tale was one of those "happy arrows that hit the bull's eye."^[6]

Themes

The prevailing theme of the collection is that of transformation and it is worked as social comedy, religious awakening, and artistic revelation. The collection is the most optimistic in Andersen's output since his fairy tale debut in 1835 but unlike the breezy, bouncy tone of the early tales, these four speak to adult fulfillment, of pain transformed to pleasure via suffering and understanding.^[7]

Critical reception

New Fairy Tales was a break-through for Andersen who, until its publication, had generally received vigorous condemnation from the Danish critics for his venture into the fairy tale genre. Reviews for the collection however were ecstatic. Ny Portefeuille wrote, "There is in these tales so much beauty and goodness, so much humour and seriousness, so much poetry and depth, that even the most disparate readers will by necessity find something of interest to them." Andersen wrote his confidante Henriette Wulff, "These tales have been received with unanimous applause. None of my other books have had such a success here at home, every paper commends them, everyone reads them [...] I am appreciated as the best fairy-tale teller."^[1][8][9]

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Wullschlager 2000, 236
2. ^ ^{a b} Wullschlager 2000. p.235
3. ^ Wullschlager 2000, p.230
4. ^ Wullsclager 2000, p.233
5. ^ Bredsdorff 1975, p.164
6. ^ Wullschlager 2000, pp.234-5
7. ^ Wullschlager 2000, p.231
8. ^ Andersen 2005, p.330
9. ^ Bredsdorff 1975, p.165

References

• Bredsdorff, Elias (1975). Hans Christian Andersen: The Story of His Life and Work, 1805-75. London, UK: Phaidon Press Ltd.. ISBN 0-7148-1636-1. 
• Andersen, Jens (2005). Hans Christian Andersen: A New Life. New York, NY: Overlook Duckworth. ISBN 1-58567-737-X. 
• Wullschlager, Jackie (2000). Hans Christian Andersen: The Life of a Storyteller. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-91747-9. 

Further reading

• Liukkonen, Petri. "Hans Christian Andersen". Books and Writers. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hcanders.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-21. 
• Nunnally, Tiina (2005). Fairy Tales. New York: Viking. ISBN 0-670-03374-4. 
• Tatar, Maria (2008). The Annotated Hans Christian Andersen. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06081-2.