Nechí River

Nechí River
Basin countries	Colombia

Nechí River is a river of northwestern Colombia. It flows into the Cauca River. Nechí River rises in the municipality of Yarumal, and serves as a boundary between the municipalities of Antioquia, Campamento, Angostura, Anorí, Yarumal, Valdivia, Tarazá, Cáceres, Zaragoza, El Bagre, Caucasia and Nechí. Significant gold deposits have been found in the area.

Etymology

Nechí in the Yamesí language takes its name from Ne which means "gold", and Chi which means "river". This is because there are significant mineral reserves in the area, including gold.^[1][2]

Geography

The river is situated about 7 degrees north of the equator.^[3] The Porce River, is a south tributary of the Nechi.^[4] Angostura is a municipality situated where the Nechi river breaks through the Andes.^[5] The weather is torrid and the humidity very high, even in the dry season when tthe temperature ranges between 75 and 95 F.^[3]

Mining properties of the area lie in an oval basin surrounded by crystalline rocks. This basin has been cut through by the Nechi river, which separates the properties. Within this basin are flat tables of gravel deposits whose edges form terraces. The bedrock of each of these gravel benches is clay, either red or blue according to exposure, in which are included beds of peat or brown coal. Each of these gravel benches is a re-concentration of the bench above it, and represents a former stationary level of the river. California Hill is a remnant of the upper bench. Below this was a lower bench whose bedrock stood above water-level. These two benches have been nearly removed by erosion and ancient workings. The third bench, partly submerged, forms the greater portion of the higher dredging ground. The fourth bench is that being dredged now and is nearly submerged. The outer and higher bench gravel is on the clay which lies directly upon the rim rock, but toward the centre of the basin, where there are lower layers of gravel, is assumed to be bedrock. The gold here is of fairly uniform sized thin flakes. There is very little black sand.^[6]

Mining

Dredging began on the Nechí sometime before 1900. Several companies originally operated dredges on the Nechi, but these were gradually taken over by Pato Consolidated Gold Dredging, Ltd., a Canadian company, which was one of the largest placer mining concerns in the world at the time. By 1964, 67 percent of Pato's stock was owned by the International Mining Corp with seven Pato dredges operating on the Nechí downstream from Zaragoza.^[7]

The Mapuri tract on the Nechi River, a few miles below Zaragoza, was exploited by the Colombia Gold Mines Corporation.^[8] One publication in 1909 reported, "The district of Zaragosa, on the Nechi River, paid to the Spanish Crown the sum of $1200000 in gold, this district having produced in nineteen years of Spanish occupation the sum of $6000000 in gold."^[9] Platinum was saved by dredges on Nechi River in 1922.^[10] In November 1986, a terrorist group bombed a dredge in the river, forcing the temporary cessation to gold production in the area.^[11]

Transportation

Navigation of the river is extremely hazardous. Steamers have been known to become wedged against a rock ledge by rough currents when the river is flooded.^[12]

Archaeology

The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago was the recipient of a rare collection of gold ornaments, excavated from the basin of the Nechi River in 1918. The donor was the Wrigley Company. Miners who excavated the treasure turned it over to an agent of the company in Colombia. Wrigley, a member of the Board of Trustees, turned it over to the museum. The collection consists of breast-plates, aprons, elaborate earrings, bells and neck, laces, all in pure gold, forming the most valuable collection in the world of art of Colombia's ancient dwellers.^[13] In 1996, 29 archaeological sites, including Brisas Palagua, La Suiza, La Primavera, San Juan Bedout, Barcelona, El Amparo, Cano Regla, Palestina, Montenegro, and Tucuman, were found between the Nechí and Magdalena Rivers. Plano-convex scrapers and a projectile point were excavated.^[14]

Culture

The indigenous population are chiefly Black and Mulatto. Due to a process of population sifting into darker and lighter groups, the lowland mining areas around the Nechi River demonstrate a significantly blacker population than the highland areas.^[15] Most of the population is very poor. Their diet consists chiefly of river fish, rice, beans, plantains, meat and a great abundance of panela.^[3]

See also

• List of rivers of Colombia

References

1. ^ Engineering and mining journal. Western and Company. 1915. http://books.google.com/books?id=JJYgAQAAMAAJ. Retrieved 7 June 2011. 
2. ^ Ericksen, George Edward; Pinochet, María Teresa Cañas; Reinemund, John Adam (1990). Geology of the Andes and its relation to hydrocarbon and mineral resources. Published by Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources. ISBN 9780933687127. http://books.google.com/books?id=bNQSAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 7 June 2011. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} American Medical Association; HighWire Press (1920). JAMA.: The Journal of the American Medical Association (Now in the public domain. ed.). American Medical Association.. pp. 1768–. http://books.google.com/books?id=TgMcAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1768. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
4. ^ Swiggett, Glen Levin (1917). Proceedings of the second Pan American scientific congress: Washington, U. S. A., Monday, December 27, 1915 to Saturday, January 8, 1916 (Now in the public domain. ed.). Govt. print. off.. pp. 226–. http://books.google.com/books?id=API_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA226. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
5. ^ The Black Hills Engineer (Now in the public domain. ed.). 1914. pp. 14–. http://books.google.com/books?id=iocdAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA14. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
6. ^ Mining and scientific press (Now in the public domain. ed.). Dewey Pub. Co.. 1915. http://books.google.com/books?id=rKUgAQAAMAAJ. Retrieved 7 June 2011. 
7. ^ Geological Survey (U.S.) (1969). U.S. Geological Survey professional paper. G.P.O.. p. 63. http://books.google.com/books?id=EdlXAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA63. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
8. ^ The School of Mines quarterly. Columbia University. 1914. http://books.google.com/books?id=weVMAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 7 June 2011. 
9. ^ United States. Bureau of Manufactures (1909). Monthly consular and trade reports. G.P.O.. http://books.google.com/books?id=laY8AQAAIAAJ. Retrieved 7 June 2011. 
10. ^ Mineral resources of the United States / Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey (Now in the public domain. ed.). 1922. pp. 16–. http://books.google.com/books?id=uR45AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA16. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
11. ^ Terrorist Group Profiles. DIANE Publishing. 1 August 1989. pp. 99–. ISBN 9781568068640. http://books.google.com/books?id=55BZmIJ9xd8C&pg=PA99. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
12. ^ Bruette, William A. (1910). Forest and stream (Now in the public domain. ed.). Forest and Stream Publishing Company. pp. 170–. http://books.google.com/books?id=mEkcAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA170. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
13. ^ The Jewelers' circular (Now in the public domain. ed.). Jewelers' Circular Co.. 1919. pp. 49–. http://books.google.com/books?id=BRrlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA49. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
14. ^ López., Carlos Eduardo (March 2008). Landscape Development and the Evidence for Early Human Occupatipon in the Inter-Andean Tropical Lowlands of the Magdalena River, Colombia.. Syllaba Press. pp. 66–. ISBN 9789584416575. http://books.google.com/books?id=8Y_PC2IJwhkC&pg=PA66. Retrieved 9 June 2011. 
15. ^ Wade, Peter (1 August 1995). Blackness and race mixture: the dynamics of racial identity in Colombia. JHU Press. pp. 76–. ISBN 9780801852510. http://books.google.com/books?id=KfWystIRIh8C&pg=PA76. Retrieved 9 June 2011.