Naruko (volcano)

Naruko
Elevation	470 m (1,542 ft)
Location
Location	Honshū, Japan
Coordinates	38°43′59″N 140°43′55″E / 38.733°N 140.732°E / 38.733; 140.732
Geology
Type	Caldera
Last eruption	837

Naruko (鳴子火山群, Naruko kazangun^?) is a stratovolcano located in Ōsaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The volcano consists of a 7 km wide caldera with several lava domes. The summit of the 461 m high Mt. Kurumigatake is one of the four lava domes located in the center of the caldera. The volcano is well known because of its relationship to the Naruko Hot Springs Villages. However, its lack of well-defined features makes it difficult to recognize for a casual observer. The Japan Metrological Agency considers Naruko to be an active volcano.

The Naruko volcano was formed through two pyroclastic flows, which occurred 73,000 and 45,000 years ago. The first lava domes were formed approximately 20,000 years ago. The rocks produced by the pyroclastic flows and lava domes vary in composition, but are generally dacitic. Subsequent volcanic activity continued to create more lava domes, while also resulting in explosive eruptions that destroyed such domes. Tephra created by an explosive eruption approximately 18,000 years ago is said to be related to the formation of Katanuma lake. The lake is located in the center of the volcano, and is known as one of the most acidic lakes in Japan, with a pH around 1.6.

The only known historical eruption of the volcano is recorded in the Shoku Nihon Kōki. According to the document, "In 837, the Naruko volcano suddenly began to tremble for several days and finally exploded, spouting hot water which ran like a river. The people were surprised and reported this event to the imperial court, which enshrined an hot spring god." This event is believed to be a relatively small phreatic eruption that resulted in the collapse of a lava dome. This also lead to the preasent-day name of the volcano, which is said to be derived from "narugō" (鳴郷) or "naru koe no sato" (鳴る声の郷), which literally means "the place with a trembling sound."

See also

• List of volcanoes in Japan

References

• 生出慶司, 阪口圭一 (October 1996). "鳴子火山". In 地学団体研究会. 新版地学事典 (新版 版 ed.). 平凡社. p. 954. ISBN 4-582-11506-3. 
• 下鶴大輔, 荒巻重雄, 井田喜明, ed (July 1995). "日本の火山リスト". 火山の事典. 朝倉書店. pp. 464–465. ISBN 4-254-16023-2. 
• "鳴子". Japan Metrological Agency. http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/sendai/211_Naruko/211.htm. Retrieved March 4, 2006. 
• Global Volcanism Program