- Moshe Schnitzer
-
Moshe Schnitzer Born 1921
RomaniaDied August 16, 2007 (aged 86)
IsraelNationality Israeli Occupation Diamond trader Known for President of the Israel Diamond Exchange (1967-1993) Moshe Schnitzer (1921 – August 16, 2007) was a Romanian immigrant to Israel who became a key player in the international diamond trade. From 1967 to 1993 he was President of the Israel Diamond Exchange (IDE), which became the world's largest diamond exchange.
Contents
Early years
Schnitzer was born in Chernowitz, then in Romania, in 1921.[1] He emigrated to Israel in 1934, and studied history and philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1942, pushed by his father, he entered the diamond business.[2] He left university to work in a diamond polishing plant only under protest.[3] Schnitzer learned sawing and cutting at Pickel's factory in Tel Aviv, where he became a work manager in 1944. In 1945 he and Shlomo Vinikov founded the Society for the Development of the Diamond Industry in Palestine. He was editor of Hayahalom (The Diamond), the diamond industry's journal. In 1946 Schnitzer and Elhanan Halperin co-authored an instruction book on Diamonds in Hebrew.[4]
Schnitzer also fought in the Irgun, a Zionist paramilitary group that was seeking to establish the state of Israel. The connections he made there with future leaders helped him later in his business life.[2] In 1947 he was one of the founders of the Israel Diamond Exchange.[1] Schnitzer and a partner launched the firm of Schnitzer-Greenstein in 1952. In 1960 he opened his own firm, M. Schnitzer & Co., with his son and son-in-law.[2]
Israel Diamond Exchange President
IDE Diamond Tower, opened in 1992
From 1967 to 1993 Schnitzer was President of the Israel Diamond Exchange.[5] During his long tenure the exchange was transformed from an organization with a relatively marginal position in the international market into the largest and most modern exchange in the world.[6] Annual exports on polished diamonds from Israel grew from $200 million to $3.4 billion.[5]
There were political aspects to his position. Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Golda Meir both used Schnitzer to convey messages to the Soviet Union under the disguise of conducting diamond transactions.[3] Under Indira Ghandi, India had been highly critical of Israel's policy in Palestine, and public hostility persisted after her death in 1984. For this reason, when India applied to join the World Federation of Diamond Bourses in July 1986, Moshe Schnitzer said Israel was against admitting India. However, the next month officials of the Israel Diamond Exchange said the application had not been rejected.[7]
Schnitzer was also the President of the World Federation of Diamond Bourses (WFDB) from 1968 to 1972, and from 1978 to 1982.[5] He was responsible for the establishment in 1982 of the Schnitzer Foundation for Research on the Israeli Economy and Society at Bar-Ilan University, to fund academic research on economic and social topics.[8] Schnitzer arranged to establish the Harry Oppenheimer Diamond Museum in Ramat Gan in 1986 and was the museum's Chairman until July 2003.[5]
Honors and legacy
Moshe Schnitzer was awarded the Israel Prize in 2004, the highest civilian award given by Israel.[9] The award was given for "making a special contribution to the State of Israel and Israeli society". It recognized his pivotal role in making Israel one of the main diamond manufacturing centers in the world.[10] He was also awarded the Order of King Leopold of Belgium for his contribution to the international diamond industry. He was given an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan University. The plaza adjacent to the diamond exchange in Ramat Gan is called the Moshe Schnitzer Plaza.[5]
Schnitzer died in August 2007. At his funeral, he was eulogized by former Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, former Chief Rabbi Israel Meir Lau and other prominent men.[5] In May 2008, during the opening ceremony of the World Diamond Congress in Shanghai, he posthumously received the first-ever Diamantaire of the Year award.[11] His son, Shmuel Schnitzer, was also a president of the IDE and the WFDB. His grandson Dan Gertler became prominent in the diamond business in Africa.[2] Gertler is the first in his family to deal in rough diamonds rather than polished stones, which complements Shmuel Schnitzer's ambition for Israel to displace Antwerp, Belgium as the worlds largest diamond center.[12]
According to WFDB president Ernest Blom, "Moshe Schnitzer was a visionary. After laying the foundation in Israel for what would grow, largely according to his plan, into one of the world’s most important diamond centers, he turned his attention to the WFDB and the international diamond trade. He realized that our strength lay in our ability to complement one another, working together as an international network of colleagues, rather than as competitors. Generations of diamantaires from all over the world considered him a mentor and a leader".[13]
References
- ^ a b "Moshe Schnitzer, Israeli Diamond Industry, 86". JCK magazine. August 17, 2007. http://www.jckonline.com/2007/08/17/moshe-schnitzer-israeli-diamond-industry-86. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ^ a b c d Rob Bates (October 2007). "Moshe Schnitzer, Diamond Industry Legend, Dies". JCK magazine. http://www.jckonline.com/article/285502-Moshe_Schnitzer_Diamond_Industry_Legend_Dies.php. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ^ a b "ISRAELI DIAMOND INDUSTRY PAYS TRIBUTE TO MOSHE SCHNITZER". Rappaport. 03/17/09. http://www.diamonds.net/news/NewsItem2.aspx?ArticleID=25700. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
- ^ David De Vries (2010). Diamonds and War: State, Capital and Labor in British-Ruled Palestine. Berghahn Books. p. 285. ISBN 1845456335. http://books.google.ca/books?id=i8IK3q3yAuwC&pg=PA285.
- ^ a b c d e f "MOSHE SCHNITZER 1921 – 2007". The Israel Diamond Industry. 17.08.07. http://www.israelidiamond.co.il/english/news.aspx?boneid=918&objid=2492. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ^ "Mr. Moshe Schnitzer". The Schnitzer Foundation for Research on the Israeli Economy and Society. http://www.biu.ac.il/soc/schnitzer/english/html/founder.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
- ^ Jacob Abadi (2004). Israel's quest for recognition and acceptance in Asia: Garrison State diplomacy. Psychology Press. p. 216. ISBN 0714655767. http://books.google.ca/books?id=KulR2OrRvq8C&pg=PA216.
- ^ "About the Foundation". The Schnitzer Foundation for Research on the Israeli Economy and Society. http://www.biu.ac.il/soc/schnitzer/english/html/about.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
- ^ "Moshe Schnitzer passes away". Diamond World. Aug 17 2007 12:00AM. http://www.diamondworld.net/contentview.aspx?item=1066. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ^ Rob Bates (June 2004). "Israel Honors Moshe Schnitzer". JCK magazine. http://www.jckonline.com/article/285751-Israel_Honors_Moshe_Schnitzer.php. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
- ^ "MOSHE SCHNITZER – WFDB’S 1ST DIAMANTAIRE OF THE YEAR". Tacy Ltd. Diamond Industry Consultants. 14 May 2008. http://www.diamondintelligence.com/magazine/magazine.aspx?id=6217. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
- ^ Nicole Gaouette (February 21, 2002). "Inside Israel's diamond trade: a family affair". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0221/p01s03-wome.html/(page)/4. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
- ^ "Moshe Schnitzer, 1921-2007". Modern Jeweler. September 2007. http://www.modernjeweler.com/print/Modern-Jeweler/Moshe-Schnitzer--1921-2007/1$464. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Further reading
- Meirav Halperin (2008) (in Hebrew). The Diamantaire: Moshe Schnitzer, Founder of the Israeli Diamond Industry. Tel Aviv: Israel Diamond Institute Group of Companies.
Categories:- 1921 births
- 2007 deaths
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
