Morgan W. Phillips

Morgan W. Phillips (1943-1996) was an American founder of the field of architectural conservation. He is credited with coining the term "architectural conservation" in the early 1970s and was among the first to call himself an "architectural conservator".^[1] Phillips worked for most of his career at the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (SPNEA) in Boston, now Historic New England, and the organization's Conservation Center was largely built around his research and that of his apprentices.

Phillips pioneered a number of techniques that would subsequently become standard in the field, including the microscopic examination of historic paint layers, the use of epoxies for wood repairs, and the acrylic consolidation of fragile historic material. He and Andy Ladygo perfected an acrylic injection technique for re-attaching historic plaster walls and ceilings to wooden laths.^[2] His contributions to historic paint analysis ranged from developing the technique of 'cratering' using sandpaper (to macroscopically reveal multiple paint layers), to the microscopic evaluation of paint cross-sections in situ and in the laboratory, to techniques meant to reverse the natural yellowing of linseed oil and thus reveal the 'true' colors of historic paints.^[3] Phillips was also among the first to investigate the properties of historic mortars, convening a landmark conference on the subject in Boston in 1973.^[4]

Early Career

An undergraduate at Yale, Phillips went on to become one of the first graduates from Columbia University's pioneering MA program in Historic Preservation, founded in 1964 by James Marston Fitch. He began his career at SPNEA in the late 196Os as a Curatorial Assistant, and by 1971 was Supervisor of Buildings. With no formal training in science, technology, or craftsmanship, he sometimes referred to himself as an "alchemist". His expertise in architectural conservation developed largely through self-teaching and contacts made with art conservators, and in response to the necessity of preserving over 30 historic houses, dating from the 17th century to the 1930s, that he was initially responsible for. In time, and particularly as a result of his publications, coupled with the rise of the Historic Preservation movement in the 1970s, Phillips began to be in demand nationally as a consultant. This led SPNEA to establish a "Consulting Services Group" by 1977, built largely around his expertise and reputation, initially headquartered at the Society's Harrison Gray Otis House in Boston.

Later Career

By the mid-1980s Phillips had trained or attracted a number of other conservators to SPNEA, including Andy Ladygo, Sara Chase, Brian Powell, and Gregory Clancey. He also worked with the restoration architect Maximilian Ferro. The Consulting Services Group became the SPNEA Conservation Center, headquartered at the Lyman Estate in the Boston suburb of Waltham. Never an administrator, Phillips left the running of the Center to others and concentrated on research and consulting. While the Center was profitable, it never had the full support of its parent organization, SPNEA, and, after protracted bureaucratic battles, eventually closed in the early 1990s. Phillips went into private practice, but during a trip to examine Mayan ruins in Guatamala, he developed a ringing in his ears which began to exacerbate his long-standing struggle with manic depression. Phillips committed suicide at his home in Canajoharie, New York in 1996.^[5]

Partial Bibliography of Articles by Morgan Phillips

• "Wooden Roof Framing in America, 1800-1875" (unpublished MA thesis, Columbia University), 1968 (71 pp.)
• "The Philosophy of Total Preservation", Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, 1971
• "Discoloration of Old House Paints", Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, vol. 3, no. 4, 1971, pp. 40-47
• "APT-SPNEA Conference on Mortar", Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, 1974.
• The Morse-Libby Mansion, Portland, Maine : a report on restoration work, 1973-1977 (Washington : Technical Preservation Services Division, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1977)
• (with Judith Selwyn)Epoxies for Wood Repairs in Historic Buildings (Washington : Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Technical Preservation Services Division, 1978)
• "Brief Note on the Subjects of Analysing Paints and Mortars and the Recording of Moulding Profiles", Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, vol. 10, no. 2, 1978, pp. 77-89
• The Eight Most Common Mistakes in Restoring Houses (and how to avoid them), [Nashville : American Association for State and Local History, 1979] Series:Technical Leaflet (American Association for State and Local History), no. 118
• "Adhesives for the Re-Attachment of Loose Plaster", Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, vol. 12, no. 2, 1980, pp. 37-63
• (with Andy Ladygo), "A Method for Reproducing Lincrusta Papers by Hand", Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology Vol. 12, No. 2 (1980), pp. 64-79
• "Notes on a Method for Consolidating Leather", Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Autumn, 1984), pp. 53-56
• "Alkali-soluble Acrylic Consolidants for Plaster: a preliminary investigation", Studies in Conservation, Volume 32 No. 4 (November 1987), pp. 145-52
• "A Victorian Trompe L'Oeil: The Restoration of Distemper Paints" in Roger Moss, Paint in America (NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1994)
• "Aqueous Acrylic Epoxy Consolidants", Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, vol. 26, no. 2-3, 1995, pp. 68-75

References

1. ^ AIC News: the newsletter of the American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, vol. 21-22 (1996), p. 20
2. ^ John Leeke, "Saving Irreplaceable Plaster", Old House Journal, Nov.-Dec. 1987, p. 52; Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, vol. XII, no. 2
3. ^ Phillips, Morgan W. “Problems in the Restoration and Preservation of Old House Paints, Preservation and Conservation”, In Principles and Practices. Proceedings of the North American International Regional Conference, Williamsburg, Virginia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 10-16. 1972. The Preservation Press, National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States, (1976); Technology and Conservation, vol. 1-4 (1976), p. 16
4. ^ Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology, v. 28-29 (1997), p. 36
5. ^ Obit., Boston Globe, Nov. 2, 1996