Mollusc eye

Scallops have up to 100 simple eyes

The molluscs have the widest variety of eye morphologies of any phylum,^[1] and a large degree of variation in their function. Cephalopods' eyes are as complex as those of vertebrates; scallops have up to 100 simple eyes;^[2] and some bivalves have compound eyes.^[3]

Diversity

Eyes have evolved independently between seven and eleven times in the molluscs, which goes some way to explain the diversity of eye types observed. Molluscs have eyes of all levels of complexity, from the pit eyes of many gastropods, to the pinhole eyes of the Nautilus, to the lensed eyes of the cephalopods. Compound eyes are present in some bivalves, and reflective 'mirrors' have been innovated by other lineages.such as scallops.^[1] As well as complexity, the eyes of molluscs span a huge range in size; they may be from 20 µm to 27 cm across.^[1]

Anatomy

Gastropods and cephalopods have paired eyes on their heads (and sometimes tails),^[1] but many molluscs do not have clear head regions in which to locate the eyes. Consequently, many molluscs may have a multitude of eyes in more unlikely places, such as along the edge of their shell.^[1] Chitons have a dispersed network of tiny eyes over the surface of their shells which may act together as a compound eye.^[1] Many gastropods have stalked eyes; the eye can be retracted into the stalk itself in the presence of danger.^[1]

Further information: Cephalopod eye

See also

• Arthropod eye
• Parietal eye
• Sensory organs of gastropods
• Simple eye in invertebrates
• Vision in fish

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Serb, J. M.; Eernisse, D. J. (2008). "Charting Evolution’s Trajectory: Using Molluscan Eye Diversity to Understand Parallel and Convergent Evolution". Evolution Education and Outreach 1 (4): 439–447. doi:10.1007/s12052-008-0084-1.  edit
2. ^ Land MF and Fernald RD (1992) "The evolution of eyes" Annual review of neuroscience, 15: 1–29.
3. ^ Ritchie, Alexander (1985). "Ainiktozoon loganense Scourfield, a protochordate? from the Silurian of Scotland". Alcheringa 9: 137. doi:10.1080/03115518508618961.