Mettlen–Lavorgo powerline

Lukmanier Powerline
Location
Country	Switzerland
Coordinates	Coordinates: 46°34′19″N 8°47′24″E / 46.572°N 8.790°E / 46.572; 8.790
From	Mettlen
Passes through	Lukmanier Pass Sisikon Ingenbohl
To	Lavorgo
Ownership information
Owner	Swissgrid
Construction information
Commissioned	1949
Technical information
Type	overhead line
Type of current	AC
Total length	105 km (65 mi)
AC Voltage	400 kV

The Mettlen–Lavorgo powerline, also called the Lukmanier powerline, is the 400 kV three-phase alternating current high voltage electric power transmission line over the Lukmanier Pass in Switzerland, from Mettlen to Lavorgo. Trees falling on the line in 2003 caused a major blackout in Italy.^[1]

History

The powerline was built in 1948–1949. In 2006, 17 transmission towers between Sisikon and Ingenbohl and in 2008, 28 transmission towers between Arth and Küssnacht am Rigi were replaced.^[2]

On 28 September 2003, during a storm two trees hit the powerline causing a major blackout in Italy.^[1][3][4] The loss of power affected most of that country; nearly 50 million people were without electricity for up to 18 hours.^[1]

Description

On the 52-kilometre (32 mi) long section from Mettlen to Amsteg it shares the pylons with the Gotthard Powerline. After Amsteg the Lukmanier Powerline runs on its own track.

On the section between Mettlen and Amsteg 160 pylons are used with two level and three level arrangements of the conductors. For the 53-kilometre (33 mi) long section between Amsteg and Lavorgo over the Lukmanier Pass 145 pylons for one circuit with one level arrangement of the three conductors are used. The mean height of the used pylons is 30 metres (98 ft).

A unique aspect of this line is the 75-metre-high anchor pylon, which stands on 28-metre-high feet of concrete in the artificial lake of Santa Maria, canton Graubünden. This pylon was built in 1949 as a normal pylon. At the construction of the Santa María Dam it was replaced in 1957 by the existing pylon on concrete feet to protect the steel construction from the water and at wintertime from ice on the lake. This pylon carries one crossarm for one circuit.

The mean span width of the line is 350 metres (1,150 ft), the biggest span width between two pylons is 890 metres (2,920 ft). As conductors bundles of two and three conductors of Aldrey with a cross section of 550 square millimetres (0.85 sq in) are used. The diameter of each single conductor is 30.5 millimetres (1.20 in). As ground wire two steel ropes with a cross section of 80 square millimetres (0.12 sq in) are used.

In the Mittelplatten area the powerline consists of the highest transmission tower in the Swiss power grid, stationed 2,490 metres (8,170 ft) above sea level. The steel lattice mast is 43.5 metres (143 ft) tall.^[5]

Sources

• Elektro-Energietechnik 2, Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. sc. techn. Gerhard Schwickaardi, AT Verlag Aarau, 1979, pages 218–220
• Gerhard Schwickardi, Elektro-Energietechnik. Energie-Übertragung, Netze, Energieverteilung, Freileitungen, Kabelleitungen, Schaltgeräte, Schaltanlagen, Energie-Umformung, Messwandler, Transformatorenstationen, Unterwerke, Automatisierung von Schaltwarten, Band 2, Aarau, Stuttgart 1979 ISBN 3-85502-032-9

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Swiss criticised over Italy blackouts". BBC News. 2003-10-27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3218207.stm. Retrieved 2011-03-02. 
2. ^ "Lavorgo - Mettlen". Alpiq. http://www.alpiq.com/what-we-offer/our-assets/power-grids/lavorgo-mettlen.jsp. Retrieved 2011-03-02. 
3. ^ Lukszo, Zofia; Deconinck, Geert; Weijnen, Margot P. C. (2010). Securing Electricity Supply in the Cyber Age: Exploring the Risks of Information and Communication Technology in Tomorrow's Electricity Infrastructure. Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality. 15. Springer. p. 60. http://books.google.com/books?id=qPp3HMDu6AkC&pg=PA60. 
4. ^ Vandenberghe, F. (2004-03-29). "Lessons and Conclusions from the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy" (PDF). IEA Workshop. Paris: IEA. http://www.iea.org/work/2004/transmission/vandenberghe.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-02. 
5. ^ "Atel Transmission Ltd. to replace the highest mountain-top mast" (Press release). Alpiq. 2006-08-21. http://www.alpiq.com/news-stories/press-releases/press_releases.jsp?news=tcm:98-56848&page59737=14. Retrieved 2011-03-02.